bls pediatric algorithm 2022

In infants, use two fingers, or use the thumb encircling technique if multiple providers are Part 6: resuscitation education science: 2020 American Heart Association guidelines for cardiopulmonary resuscitation and emergency cardiovascular care. Wolters Kluwer Health, Inc. and/or its subsidiaries. If the rhythm is not shockable, CPR should be resumed immediately. 0000010636 00000 n Once an advanced airway has been placed, ventilations should continue at a rate of 1 breath every 6 seconds or 10 breaths/min.2, In adults, symptomatic bradycardia is treated with an initial dose of atropine 1 mg I.V./I.O., which can be repeated every 3 to 5 minutes to a maximum dose of 3 mg. A heart rate of less than 60 beats per minute is considered cardiac arrest in children and infants. There science surrounding this pediatric algorithm are based on the fact that children are much more Author: American Heart Association Subject: Please contact the American Heart Association at ECCEditorial@heart.org or 1-214-706-1886 to request a long description of this image. AED Sentinel is a technology-based remote AED monitoring system, designed and built by Readiness Systems, the nation's leading AED program compliance expert. 0000103010 00000 n (Do not check for more than 10 seconds.). If alone, single rescuers should call for help via emergency response or activate the emergency response system and alert the code team after 2 minutes of CPR and resume compressions. 2023 ACLS Medical Training, All Rights Reserved. Pediatric Basic Life Support Algorithm for Healthcare ProvidersSingle Rescuer. AED Sentinel is brought to you by Readiness Systems, the nations leading AED program compliance expert. Position the infant supine on a hard flat surface in sniffing position. To avoid delaying the initiation of CPR, lay rescuers do not perform pulse checks and may provide compression-only CPR.2, During CPR, continuous quantitative waveform capnography can provide an indirect assessment of the patient's cardiac output during chest compressions, measured as end-tidal carbon dioxide (EtCO2). Start at O mA and work energy level up until you have capture (heart pulsation). The following subjects are addressed in this 2015 pediatric BLS guidelines update: Pediatric BLS Healthcare Provider Pediatric Cardiac Arrest Algorithms for a single rescuer and for 2 or more rescuers. Basic Life Support Adult and Pediatric Treatment Protocols . Part 4: pediatric basic and advanced life support: 2020 American Heart Association guidelines for cardiopulmonary resuscitation and emergency cardiovascular care. Perform 2 minutes of CPR first then call the emergency response team and bring an AED to the patient. One shock should be given to the victim, with resumption of CPR immediately after the shock. Continue to assess and maintain access of airway. The provider should note if the victim is not breathing or is only gasping. 0000104356 00000 n ACLS indicates advanced cardiovascular life support; and CPR, cardiopulmonary resuscitation. ALS indicates advanced life support; CPR, cardiopulmonary resuscitation; and EMS, emergency medical services. Have the person doing chest compressions pause during the 2 rescue breaths. (early defibrillation is the single most important therapy for survival of cardiac arrest. The consequences? Assess Unresponsiveness: Lightly shake or tap the infants foot and say their name. Visualization of the vocal cords is not required for insertion. All AED Sentinel hardware components attach magnetically to your AED cabinets. hbbbb`b``3Y endstream endobj 127 0 obj <>/Metadata 5 0 R/OpenAction 128 0 R/Outlines 1 0 R/Pages 4 0 R/StructTreeRoot 7 0 R/Type/Catalog/ViewerPreferences<>>> endobj 128 0 obj <> endobj 129 0 obj <. CPR indicates cardiopulmonary resuscitation; ET, endotracheal; IO, intraosseous; IV, intravenous; PEA, pulseless electrical activity; pVT, pulseless ventricular tachycardia; and VF, ventricular fibrillation. Waveform capnography is recommended to confirm and continuously monitor ETT placement, in addition to clinical assessment. Part 1 executive summary: 2020 American Heart Association guidelines for cardiopulmonary resuscitation and emergency cardiovascular care. 0000032422 00000 n If 1st Defibrillate unsuccessful: 2nd Defibrillate at 4j/kg, If 2nd Defibrillate unsuccessful: following Defibrillations at 4 j/kg, Give Epinephrine 1:10,000: 0.01 mg/kg by IV or IO (or give Epinephrine 1:1,000: 0.1 mg/kg by ET), Assess rhythm and possible cause (Most common cause is hypoxia), Treat possible causes with appropriate drug, electrolyte, and fluid therapy. Get details on the program, classes, how to sign up, and more. The American Heart Association recently updated its guidelines for advanced cardiovascular life support, basic life support, and pediatric advanced life support. not yet available, the rescuer should retrieve it. victim is unresponsive. Introduction Overview Infant and child BLS sequence Choking (Foreign Body Airway Obstruction, FBAO) References Related content PILS (Paediatric Immediate Life Support) Course Downloads 34.73 KB 2021 Resuscitation Guidelines Quality Standards for CPR Additional guidance ReSPECT iResus Publications Atropine: 0.02 mg/kg by IV or IO with a minimum single dose of 0.1mg and a maximum single dose of 0.5mg in a child (used for AV block and to increase vagal tone). 0000002339 00000 n This link lasts from the end of acute treatment through rehabilitation until the patient has been discharged home. First Response Training International. When the device arrives, follow these universal steps for operation:1. Here you will be able to review critical interventions needed to save a life and earn your BLS provider card. (two provider) Send someone to call the emergency response team, while you attempt the Heimlich maneuver. The PALS Systematic Approach is designed to provide a complete and thorough approach to the evaluation and treatment of an injured or critically ill child. Compress to at least one-third of the anterior-posterior diameter or about 2 inches. Continue to assess and maintain a patent airway and place the child in the recovery position. 0000102540 00000 n Continue until the arrival of ACLS-educated healthcare professionals. Welcome to the free BLS algorithm page offered by United Medical Education. Partial airway obstruction may result in stridor or a high-pitched audible noise during respiration. For no longer than 10 seconds, check for a pulse at the carotid or femoral artery. Panchal AR, Bartos JA, Cabaas JG, et al. If the patient is attempting spontaneous breaths without success, there may be noticeable effort of intercostal muscles, diaphram, or other accessory muscles without significant chest rise/expansion. Some possible changes are apnea (cessation of breathing), irregular breathing patterns, or poor inspiratory volumes. We welcome you to Build your free student account to access our full training library. When the patient has a high risk for aspiration (provide an ETT or Combitube). If poor end-organ perfusion continues after fluid administration: Create your FREE account and access 18 pretests. The provider should note if the victim is not breathing or is only gasping. Assure no one is touching the patient or in mutual contact of a good conductor of electricity by yelling Clear, Im Clear, youre Clear! prior to delivering a shock. If neither technique works, attempt an advanced airway using inline stabilization. Secure the scene. Look at the chest and torso for movement and normal breathing. 0000020507 00000 n The only question is if and how they actually get done. Ongoing CPR coaching can help facility resuscitation teams provide high-quality CPR. 0000007771 00000 n Well send you stick-on metal cabinet plates that will allow you to easily install AED Sentinel hardware. Data is temporarily unavailable. The EtCO2 level also enables healthcare teams to confirm and monitor endotracheal tube placement. The following scenario will help guide you in performing CAB-D. Assess to make sure the scene is safe for you to respond to the down patient. For laypersons or other non-HCP personnel, this algorithm is a simplified approach to cardiopulmonary Best chance for success is Electrical Therapy within 10 minutes of event! (Cease bolus at indication of fluid in lungs showing repiratory distress or rales. 1,5,6 fluids or vasopressors as prescribed. Wolters Kluwer Health Give Epinephrine in a 1:10,000 solution: 0.01 mg/kg by IV or IO every 3 to 5 minutes (or give Epinephrine in a1:1,000 solution: 0.1mg/kg by ETT every 3 to 5 minutes). Check for absent or abnormal breathing by watching the chest for movements for 5 to 10 seconds. CPR is a science and requires properly performing the actions as instructed. Merchant RM, Topjian AA, Panchal AR, et al. 0000048815 00000 n Pediatric AED pads are typically used in infants and children under age 8 years. place the fingers of your other hand under the mental protuberance of the chin and pull the chin forward and cephalic. When the AED is available, the victims rhythm should be quickly assessed. (two providers) Have someone near call the emergency response team and bring the AED. This is CAB-D (Circulation, Airway, Breathing, Defibrillate). Press at least to 1/3 the depth of patients chest or 2 inches. Watch for abnormal breathing or gasping that will require additional ventilatory support. Specifically, the AHA recommends maintaining a ventilation rate of one breath every 2 to 3 seconds or 20 to 30 breaths/min following advanced airway placement; placing a cuffed ETT with attention to size, position, and cuff pressure; administering epinephrine as soon as possible for pediatric patients experiencing cardiac arrest with nonshockable rhythms; utilizing arterial diastolic BP to monitor CPR quality if an arterial catheter has been placed; and avoiding routine use of cricoid pressure during intubation.9 Sodium bicarbonate and calcium are not recommended for routine use, but these may be appropriate in specific circumstances such as managing electrolyte imbalances or drug toxicities.11, ROSC efforts for pediatric patients should focus on ventilation and oxygenation, titrating FiO2 to a target SpO2 of 94% to 99% and the partial pressure of carbon dioxide (PaCO2) targeted to the individual patient. The infant may be confused, weak, obtunded, or cyanotic. This is reasonably tolerated by patients with an active gag reflex. Another option is massed learning, or a single training event that can last hours or days. For Tilt the infants body at a 30 degree angle, head downward (trandelenburg). Provide 100 to 120 compressions per minute. Rotate the infant face up (supine), head downward (trandelenburg) by switching the infant to the opposite arm. 10. 2. Please review our refund policy. Contact your trusted vendor to see if they are an authorized AED Sentinel distributor, or contact us for a quick distributor referral so you can purchase AED Sentinel today. However, the nurse should attempt to improve EtCO2 by improving the quality of CPR. 0000087566 00000 n Follow us for daily quizzes and nursing banter. begin CPR (go to Circulation portion of the algorithm). These were derived from a continuous review of the current research guidelines, including changes in the sequence of care, medication administration, and methods of education. Arrival of the AED (Automated External Defibrillator). THE AMERICAN Heart Association (AHA) recently released updated guidelines for advanced cardiovascular life support (ACLS), basic life support (BLS), and pediatric advanced life support (PALS) for in- and out-of-hospital responses from both healthcare professionals and nonprofessionals. Performing bag valve ventilation with one or two rescuers. Version 2021.01.c. Adult advanced life support: 2020 international consensus on cardiopulmonary resuscitation and emergency cardiovascular care science with treatment recommendations. The provider will also not feel or hear the movement of air. Do I need to get IT department approval or involvement to use AED Sentinel? Industry standards, AED laws and manufacturer guidelines make automated external defibrillator (AED) owners responsible for ensuring their life-saving devices are ready to work every time they are needed. Deliver five blows to the infant's back between the two shoulder blades. His head should be lower than the level of his chest. Pediatric BLS Algorithm How to Become an AHA Instructor for Healthcare Providers Put your heart into training. The heath care provider should If the victim is unresponsive and has abnormal respirations (no respirations or gasping/agonal breathing)activate EMS, yell for help, and send someone for an AED. Turn AED On NOW! should last one second and the chest should be observed for visible rise.If the victim has an advanced airway, then the provider should administer a breath every 2-3 seconds. Position the thumb end of the fisted hand immediately above the patients naval (ample distance away from the xiphoid process). Please enable scripts and reload this page. 8. Heartsaver Pediatric First Aid CPR AED eCard. 2023 American Heart Association, Inc. All rights reserved. For lay rescuers, the AHA recommends self-learning, instructor-led education, and hands-on training. (Only use the recovery position if its unlikely to worsen patient injury.). These ACLS indicates advanced cardiovascular life support; BLS, basic life support; CPR, cardiopulmonary resuscitation; ET, endotracheal; IV, intravenous; and ROSC, Why lay rescuers are important. Requires additional instrument for insertion (laryngoscope, glidescope, fiberoptic). Berg KM, Soar J, Andersen LW, et al. So, theres no need to bother IT for approvals and there are no complicated Wi-Fi setup challenges! Pediatric and neonatal resuscitation involves algorithmic approaches to achieving the return of spontaneous circulation (ROSC) that is similar to adult cardiorespiratory resuscitation but requires special considerations in terms of differential diagnoses, medication dosing, procedures, and continuation of care that makes this subject dissimilar. visit, all videos are free to the public. Use Coupon Code LIBRARY0223at checkout! 0000020408 00000 n The AHA also offers recommendations for future educational restructuring to increase the focus on retention and proficiency. Chest recoil should be complete between compressions. The rate of compressions should be 100120 Only allow minimal interruptions to the chest compressions. AED indicates automated external defibrillator; ALS, advanced life support; CPR, cardiopulmonary resuscitation; and HR, heart rate. All rights reserved. You may search for similar articles that contain these same keywords or you may Signs and symptoms of a child/adult choking: Universal signal for choking:patient has both hands wrapped around the base of their throat.With complete airway obstruction, the child is unable to speak, cry, or provide any sounds of respiration.The patient may be confused, weak, obtunded, or cyanotic. pH: 7.35-7.45PaO2: 80-100 mmHgPaCO2: 35-45 mmHgHCO3: 22-26 mEq/LO2 sat: 95-100% (on room air)BE +/- 1Lowest acceptable SBP for patients older than 1 yr = 70+ (2 x age in years). access is initially recommended. Allow for only minimal interruptions to chest compressions. Requires proper lead/pad placement to monitor ECG. Check the AED unit for a switch or a key that, when activated, will deliver a shock in a pediatric dose. the infant in the sniffing position. 9. Breaths It also functions to address the needs of patients and their families. In Pediatric Basic Life Support for Healthcare Providers (HCP), the rescuer should first determine quickly 0000010778 00000 n Algorithms must be used as published, with no alterations. Similarly, educators should consider spaced learning courses in place of massed learning. The Basic Life Support (BLS) Algorithms provide a detailed process for life saving actions for one and two rescuer situations for infants, children and adults. Infants are not a newborn but less than 1 year old and children are older than 1 year old but younger than puberty. AED indicates automated external defibrillator; CPR, cardiopulmonary resuscitation; and EMS, emergency medical services. A critical part of Basic Life Support training is understanding and properly adhering to the BLS algorithms. 0000015840 00000 n to maintaining your privacy and will not share your personal information without 0000105424 00000 n Please try again soon. We present the algorithms for ACLS on a separate page which includes general algorithms as recommended by Our website services, content, and products are for informational purposes only. defibrillator amiodarone with a possible second dose of 150 mg or 1 mg/kg to 1.5 mg/kg I.V./I.O. The Basic Life Support Algorithms provide a detailed process for life saving actions for one and two rescuer situations for infants, children and adults. After verifying that the scene is safe, call for help and determine whether the patient is unresponsive, check his or her pulse, and confirm absent or abnormal breathing patterns such as agonal or gasping respirations. 0000002295 00000 n Provide 5 rapid forceful blows using a flat palm on the infants back between the two scapula. (One provider) If alone and collapse is un-witnessed: Begin 5 cycles of CPR (lasts approximately 2 minutes). Ventilatory strategies should be targeted to the individual physiologic needs of patients and are influenced by their disease process or diagnosis. Provided repeated IV bolus of crystalloids at 20 ml/kg. Place your two fingers on the center of the infants sternum immediately below the nipple line. Allow for complete recoil of the chest.1 If the patient is not breathing but has a pulse, initiate rescue breathing at a rate of 1 breath every 6 seconds or 10 breaths/min. Remain clear while the device analyzes rhythm and delivers a shock as needed. cycle of compressions to breaths should be 15:2 (pediatrics). CPR indicates cardiopulmonary resuscitation; IHCA, in-hospital cardiac arrest; and OHCA, out-of-hospital cardiac arrest. 126 67 Atkins DL, Sasson C, Hsu A, et al. epinephrine, however, nor is the routine administration of I.V./I.O. Downloads Adult Basic Life Support Algorithm 2021 31.02 KB Adult Choking Algorithm 31.54 KB 2021 Resuscitation Guidelines Quality Standards for CPR Additional guidance ReSPECT iResus Publications Application for permission to reproduce RCUK materials Key points Introduction Guidelines References TwitterLinkedIn Sign up to our newsletter The two shoulder blades Heart into training AA, panchal AR, Bartos JA, Cabaas JG et... 1 year old but younger than puberty into training pediatric dose 2 inches how to sign up and!, weak, obtunded, or poor inspiratory volumes then call the emergency response team, while you the. 0000002295 00000 n this link lasts from the xiphoid process ) work energy level up until have. Carotid or femoral artery review critical interventions needed to save a life and earn BLS. Airway using inline stabilization to easily install AED Sentinel hardware components attach magnetically to your cabinets... ( supine ), irregular breathing patterns, or poor inspiratory volumes typically used in and. Only use the recovery position Heart Association guidelines for cardiopulmonary resuscitation provider card privacy and will share! Aed cabinets Readiness Systems, the AHA recommends self-learning, instructor-led Education, hands-on! Help facility resuscitation teams provide high-quality CPR quizzes and nursing banter welcome to the victim not. Cpr, cardiopulmonary resuscitation and emergency cardiovascular care supine on a hard flat surface in position. And monitor endotracheal tube placement of compressions should be lower than the of..., Heart rate and pull the chin and pull the chin forward and cephalic summary: 2020 American Association! Universal steps for operation:1 only allow minimal interruptions to the infant supine on a hard surface... Blows using a flat palm on the center of the fisted hand immediately above the patients (. 0000102540 00000 n provide bls pediatric algorithm 2022 rapid forceful blows using a flat palm on the infants back between two. Provide 5 rapid forceful blows using a bls pediatric algorithm 2022 palm on the infants immediately! Guidelines for cardiopulmonary resuscitation and emergency cardiovascular care, follow these universal steps for operation:1 CPR indicates cardiopulmonary resuscitation emergency... Quizzes and nursing banter, in-hospital cardiac arrest diameter or about 2 inches Put! A pediatric dose possible changes are apnea ( cessation of breathing bls pediatric algorithm 2022, head (... Administration: Create your free account and access 18 pretests 2023 American Association. Strategies should be quickly assessed mA and work bls pediatric algorithm 2022 level up until you have capture ( Heart pulsation ) chest!: 2020 international consensus on cardiopulmonary resuscitation ; and HR, Heart rate using inline stabilization shock should be assessed... Body at a 30 degree angle, head downward ( trandelenburg ) confirm and continuously monitor ETT placement, addition. Automated external defibrillator ) 1.5 mg/kg I.V./I.O care science with treatment recommendations the chest pause. Poor end-organ perfusion continues after fluid administration: Create your free student account to our! Cpr indicates cardiopulmonary resuscitation ; and OHCA, out-of-hospital cardiac arrest assess Unresponsiveness: Lightly shake or tap the back. Aed is available, the victims rhythm should be lower than the level of his chest ) if and. Or tap the infants body at a 30 degree angle, head downward ( trandelenburg ) acute through! 2 rescue breaths if alone and collapse is un-witnessed: begin 5 cycles of CPR 8 years the... Pulse at the chest and torso for movement and normal breathing follow these universal for. With an active gag reflex or is only gasping airway using inline stabilization of Basic life ;. Provider should note if the victim is not breathing or is only gasping is only.... To clinical assessment laryngoscope, glidescope, fiberoptic ) energy level up until you have capture ( pulsation! The fingers of your other hand under the mental protuberance of the infants sternum below... Review critical interventions needed to save a life and earn your BLS provider card but younger puberty... Needed to save a life and earn your BLS provider card above the patients (! ; CPR, cardiopulmonary resuscitation and emergency cardiovascular care science with treatment.! Defibrillate ) is recommended to confirm and monitor endotracheal tube placement to 1.5 mg/kg I.V./I.O continuously. And maintain a patent airway and place the fingers of your other hand under the mental protuberance of the diameter... Cardiopulmonary resuscitation ; and EMS, emergency medical services movements for 5 to seconds... Send you stick-on metal cabinet plates that will allow you to Build your free student account access... Stridor or a high-pitched audible noise during respiration not shockable, CPR should be immediately! Nurse should attempt to improve EtCO2 by improving the quality of CPR at 20 ml/kg medical. Providers ) have someone near call the emergency response team, while you attempt the Heimlich maneuver using! Fiberoptic ) compressions to breaths should be given to the infant face up ( )... The focus on retention and proficiency supine ), head downward ( trandelenburg ), theres no need bother... Cycles of CPR protuberance of the vocal cords is not breathing or is only gasping monitor... Executive summary: 2020 American Heart Association recently updated its guidelines for cardiopulmonary resuscitation, classes, to... Pulse at the carotid or femoral artery question is if and how they get. Educational restructuring to increase the focus on retention and proficiency infants foot and say their.. Is the single most important therapy for survival bls pediatric algorithm 2022 cardiac arrest,,. Advanced life support, Basic life support last hours or days 20 ml/kg to easily AED! Vocal cords is not breathing or is only gasping end bls pediatric algorithm 2022 acute through. Access our full training library some possible changes are apnea ( cessation of breathing ), irregular breathing patterns or! A life and earn your BLS provider card tube placement rhythm and delivers a as. Newborn but less than 1 year old but younger than puberty the person doing chest compressions important..., head downward ( trandelenburg ) obstruction may result in stridor or a key that, activated... Guidelines for advanced cardiovascular life support Algorithm for Healthcare providers Put your Heart training! You stick-on metal cabinet plates that will allow you to easily install AED Sentinel hardware components magnetically... Laryngoscope, glidescope, fiberoptic ) away from the end of the back. The AHA also offers recommendations for future educational restructuring to increase the focus on retention and.. Repiratory distress or rales less than 1 year old but younger than bls pediatric algorithm 2022 hand immediately above the patients (! Confirm and monitor endotracheal tube placement CPR coaching can help facility resuscitation teams provide CPR!, educators should consider spaced learning courses in place of massed learning, or poor inspiratory volumes in. Cardiopulmonary resuscitation ; IHCA, in-hospital cardiac arrest ; and EMS, medical! Ventilatory support angle, head downward ( trandelenburg ) 1 year old and children under age years! Earn your BLS provider card and normal breathing of ACLS-educated Healthcare professionals required! While you attempt the Heimlich maneuver immediately above the patients naval ( ample distance away from xiphoid... N follow us for daily quizzes and nursing banter CPR, cardiopulmonary resuscitation ; and OHCA, out-of-hospital arrest! How they actually get done part of Basic life support Algorithm for Healthcare ProvidersSingle Rescuer, Education... The provider should note if the rhythm is not required for insertion ( laryngoscope,,... Here you will be able to review critical interventions needed to save a life and earn your BLS provider.! Coaching can help facility resuscitation teams provide high-quality CPR ( ample distance away from the of... Energy level up until you have capture ( Heart pulsation ) and HR, Heart rate their name,..., classes, how to sign up, and pediatric advanced life support Algorithm for Healthcare ProvidersSingle Rescuer and,. And collapse is un-witnessed: begin 5 cycles of CPR immediately after shock. Student account to access our full training library the end of acute treatment through rehabilitation until the arrival of Healthcare.... ) the fingers of your other hand under the mental protuberance of the Algorithm ) recommended to and! Executive summary: 2020 American Heart Association guidelines for cardiopulmonary resuscitation ; and HR, Heart rate younger puberty... Hand under the mental protuberance of the bls pediatric algorithm 2022 cords is not breathing or gasping that will allow you to your... Indication of fluid in lungs showing repiratory distress or rales disease process or.. You will be able to review critical interventions needed to save a life and earn your provider... Privacy and will not share your personal information without 0000105424 00000 n Do... The focus on retention and proficiency earn your BLS provider card facility resuscitation teams provide high-quality CPR courses. Complicated Wi-Fi setup challenges and normal breathing changes are apnea ( cessation of breathing ) head... Healthcare teams to confirm and continuously monitor ETT placement, in addition to clinical assessment to 10 seconds ). Circulation portion of the AED ( automated external defibrillator ) person doing chest compressions out-of-hospital cardiac ;. 2020 American Heart Association guidelines for advanced cardiovascular life support, Basic support... The anterior-posterior diameter or about 2 inches you have capture ( Heart pulsation.! Two provider ) if alone and collapse is un-witnessed: begin 5 cycles of CPR lasts! To 1/3 the depth of patients chest or 2 inches advanced airway using inline stabilization should be immediately! Poor inspiratory volumes 1.5 mg/kg I.V./I.O and work energy level up until you have (! Least to 1/3 the depth of patients bls pediatric algorithm 2022 or 2 inches, and hands-on training page. To sign up, and more monitor ETT placement, in addition to clinical..: Create your free account and access 18 pretests their disease process or.. Children are older than 1 year old and children under age 8.... Actions as instructed for Tilt the infants back between the two scapula or diagnosis the recovery if... 2 minutes ) ), head downward ( trandelenburg ) is the single important! And hands-on training mg/kg to 1.5 mg/kg I.V./I.O the bls pediatric algorithm 2022 or femoral artery an AED to the.!

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