iranian culture family values and beliefs in healthcare

Family culture influences the way each family member thinks, feels, and acts on a daily basis. At first glance, public behaviour in Iran is generally conservative. Families are also usually the basis for peoples social and business network. If a child knows that he has certain chores to do each day, it teaches him responsibility. The holy places may also function as reminders of God; Islamic/Quranic teachings argue that remembrance of Allah leads to peace and satisfaction: Those who believe and whose hearts find peace in the remembrance of Allh. My destiny and life are in His hands and I accept whatever He decides for me. Angela Sanchez. Iranians take their responsibilities to their family quite seriously. If something happens to us we must act and try to affect our life; not see everything as Gods Will. This coping method means that people trust themselves as human beings more than they trust a sacred object God. According to some researchers (Phillips, Pargament, Lynn, & Crossley, Citation2004, p. 410), there are several reasons people rely on themselves rather than God: They believe that God has indeed provided individuals with the ability and freedom to engage in the problem-solving process. Some reports show that 26.5 percent of. In the first pattern, the informants redefined the situation by regarding it as Gods test. The verse continues this way: Recite in the name of your Lord who createdCreated man from a clinging substance. I thought to myself a clinging substance means a blood mass and I had Leukemia too, so God who creates mankind from blood can heal me. interviewed women who visited the health care centers in Ahvaz, Iran, in an effort to understand the determinants of early marriage . Iranian culture is one of the oldest in the region, and it has influenced cultures like Italy, Macedonia, Greece, Russia, the Arabian Peninsula, and parts of Asia. Semi-structured qualitative interviews were employed to identify the meaning-making coping methods used by cancer patients in Iran. We found two patterns. We define spirituality a search for connectedness with a sacred source that is related or not related to God or any religious holy sources (Ahmadi, Citation2006, p. 7273). Herding has long been a traditional part of the economy, and dairy productsmilk, cheese, and particularly yogurtare common ingredients in Persian dishes. whether for cultural or other non-therapeutic reasons. It is a common belief that these actions are good actions that satisfy God and pursue Him to help them. Serkeh: Vinegar symbolizes age and patience. (35-year-old female). The categories or sub-categories were then linked to relevant codes in the material. In relation to the premium placed on education, there is also a common openness to innovation. The purpose of this study was to explore factors promoting Iranian older adults' spirituality. As we explained above, among this group, for instance, devotional habits are more cultural than religious. Background Spirituality plays an important role during old age, but reveals itself as a confounding mental health concept, which needs to be defined when providing spiritual care. First, we will explain our view of the relation between culture, religion and coping. As an example, the idea of Schildkrout can be taken who notes that the tradition to decorate the body in various ways has a global trend, and this practice has been adopted for many centuries (79 . Data was reported in Iran in 2013 has shown that almost 42 percent of deliveries in public hospitals and 90 percent in private hospitals were carried out with cesarean section. 5 Spiritual Practices That Increase Well-Being. Generally, young adults hide the existence of their girlfriend or boyfriend from their parents (especially the father) until they have ascertained that their relationship will lead to marriage. Accordingly, the focus, as well in this article as in our international project, is not the theological or physiological aspects of coping, but the sociological ones, i.e., the role of cultural settings in the framework of which the informants are socialised in applying the coping methods. A Minor Leap Down, an Iranian film featured at international film festivals in Berlin and Toronto, illustrates the struggle of a 30-year-old Iranian woman named Nahal, whose deteriorating mental health is undermined by her family. Rice and fresh unleavened or semi leavened whole-grain bread are staple starches. From this is can be appreciated that, while people do date casually, most casual relationships are approached particularly earnestly as there is a certain risk involved. The more humility a person shows, the less likely they are to be criticised. In Islam, Shafaah is the act of pleading to God by an intimate friend of God for forgiveness and miraculous healing. 5. Iranians can be a superstitious bunch, especially when it comes to being jinxed. Visiting pilgrims is for me like praying. In recent decades, access to political power has become one of the biggest social advantages and indications of privilege. Nahals silence about her mental illness also relates to a worry that shell be forced to resume antidepressant medication, which she took prior to pregnancy. To learn about our use of cookies and how you can manage your cookie settings, please see our Cookie Policy. I had learned this devotional habit in my childhood. Stigma surrounding psychological disorders in Iran often leads to isolation, as fear of judgment and ridicule creates barriers to pursuing treatment. Family roles and dynamics vary significantly between those households that have progressive understandings of womens rights, authority and privacy and those that maintain traditional values. The purpose of the project is to explore, from a sociological perspective, different forms of meaning-making coping (existential, spiritual, and religious coping) used by people who have been struck by cancer and, thereby, to attempt to understand the effect of culture on the use of these coping strategies. Even today with rampant urbanization, Iranians value nature and make every attempt to spend time in the open air. One is Support from Saints and Imams but not Clergy. When religion is a major and integral part of the orientation system, the role it plays in coping is more important. One 60-year-old woman explained this: I am very close to God and talk to Him a lot. Instead, people are expected to self-deprecate their success. Iranians regularly break the Islamic civil rules; however, this always carries a risk of arrest. This means women commonly get passed over for jobs, earn less and receive lower allowances as it is expected that their male family member will support them. Self-directing religious coping: A deistic god, abandoning god, or no god at all? For example, the younger Iranian generation generally do not feel the need to stringently apply the honour code and will often hide certain shameful actions they consider reasonable from the older generations, who might be deeply offended by such behaviours. Dec 15, 2012. The interviews were conducted from November 2017 through December 2017, and the transcription process was completed by February 2018. Social mobility is possible, but it can be quite difficult for Iranians to separate themselves from their familys reputation in the eyes of their peers. Elderly relatives are kept at home, not placed in a nursing home. The term existential coping is employed because these methods involve individuals efforts to discover an inwardly source in nature, themselves or others that can assist them in coping with their problems. Research by Ahmad Ali Noorbala and colleagues from Tehran University of Medical Sciences shows women in Iran have a greater incidence of mental disorders than women in Western cultures. They help teach kids the difference between right and wrong. Iranian culture remains relatively class conscious. A fatalistic attitude about sickness may make Asian patients/families seem resigned to their situation. (53-year-old female), Hand in hand with God, we walked together on this path. It seems that making decision for cesarean is done under the influence of cultural perceptions and beliefs. Sobhani and Mirdarikondi (Citation2014) found that ziyarat enhances enthusiasm and positive behaviour in individuals. Conflict related to cultural beliefs within healthcare commonly arises during times of significant life change. After delivering a written application to the respective authorities in hospitals and rehabilitation centres, formal permissions for conducting the research were obtained. Illness is our fault; it is due to our bad habits and way of life. The requirement for reliability was met by ensuring variation in the participants type of cancer, age, gender, occupation and education. to work, get an education, marry, divorce, bear children or not) varies significantly depending on the attitude of her husband or closest male relative. T raditionally Iranian culture has been patriarchal with the father or the husband at the head of the family and household. Several Iranian dishes originated from the Greeks, Arabs, Turks and Russians. In the first pattern, religious actions are rooted in religious beliefs. The cultural interpretation of the religion has been traditionally open-minded, making allowances for liberal behaviour and improvements in womens rights. Although recognition of mental-health problems in Iran has arguably increased over the past few years, considerable stigma still exists. According to Cuesta and Yousefian (Citation2015): Although compliments might be seen as face-flattering acts, in Islamic societies it is believed that they could attract the evil ey. It is also considered quite prestigious to be able to trace ones heritage back for centuries. They commonly obtain a university degree and have entered the professions of law, engineering, politics, medicine and business. As it seems, believing that imams have outwardly powers, that visiting imams tombs ziyarat means nearing the source of the divine, and that through ziyarat they gain rewards savab has brought about the kind of psychological confidence and security that our informants needed while facing a serious life crisis. Such habitual practices are not straightforwardly religious, but emerge from a powerful amalgamation of religious superstitions and ancient cultural beliefs. This happened in the midst of human civilization through invasions. Jul 2018. Thus, the belief system, ways of thinking and lifestyle of an individual are chiefly culturally constructed. Their problems have resulted in an existential void, and this void requires that they elaborate the old order to form a new order that could help them fill the void. Putting others before ones self is considered the most dignified behaviour (see Taarof in Etiquette for a further explanation). Health beliefs: In some cultures, people believe that talking about a possible poor health outcome will cause that outcome to occur. Therefore, the current study aimed to explore determinants of early . Thus, we can argue that the reason individuals turn to religion in times of crisis is that religion is more accessible in their sociocultural context than are other resources. The way this is done will depend on the individual All people may gain the prestige of a familys success or bear the responsibility for a familys dishonour. At the same time Iranians will try to bring the outdoors inside whenever possible. Mexican Family Culture: Important Values, Traditions, and Beliefs. We find two patterns regarding such connectedness. This system of theocratic governance remains in place today. Stigma surrounding psychological disorders in Iran often leads to isolation, as fear of judgment and ridicule creates barriers to pursuing treatment. Cultural, spiritual and religious beliefs and practices can impact on: health behaviours health outcomes use of and access to healthcare services beliefs, rites and rituals around. Thus, it is quite understandable that some interviewees use Religious Purification as a coping method. In our study, we observed interviewees who preferred to rely on themselves rather than God for Reason A, above. Iranians often like to consider themselves as having a cultured yet rebellious and revolutionary identity as a people. Family Solidarity - Intergenerational solidarity refers to the degree of closeness and support between different generations. I never go to Mosques but too other holy places since they are sources of comfort for me. Families tend to be small, only 1 or 2 children, but the extended family is quite close. For more information (Freud & Breuer, Citation1895). As Ahmadi and Ahmadi (Citation2018) point out: In this model, the concepts and topics of the religious and spiritual domains overlap to some extent. One 41-year-old man explained this: We have a responsibility to act. Among Muslims, the idea of testing (Ekhtebar) is rather robust. An orienting system is formed by the culture and affects the individuals life. When healthcare professionals encounter a more acculturated Hmong family in the U.S., they will likely see more balance of power between mother and father. Iranian Sunni citizens are primarily concentrated in the provinces of Golestn, Kurdistan, and Sistan-Baluchestan. Essential to our study is, thus, not the study of coping only from a psychological perceptive but mainly the role of culture in the present study; we define culture as a system of beliefs, traditions, customs, art, history, folklore, institutions, norm and values and how they are expressed a system that is shared by members of a society, community or group. Therefore, people could proceed from the idea that God does not intervene, but is supportive of the individual throughout the coping process. In this respect, two interviewees understood their collaboration with God as follows: I dont believe in predestination. Nevertheless, while politics is commonly ridiculed, most people are very reluctant to criticise Islam both from a social standpoint and a moral/theological perspective. They were conducted face-to-face and in Persian; all interviews were audio-recorded and then transcribed verbatim. Family beliefs define what you think is essential and what is good. As Khoshkjan (Citation2016) suggested, belief in the intercession of Imams is one of the most important principles for Shia Muslims. God tells us if you act, I will support you. Breuer developed what he referred to as a cathartic treatment for hysteria. The notion that illness is a test imposed on us by God is an old one. For those who find themselves in a life crisis, such as a serious illness like cancer, ziyarat is a safe shortcut to reaching God and obtaining His blessing and help. One of the methods in this category is Benevolent Religious Reappraisal: using religion to redefine the stressor as benevolent and potentially beneficial. Love is the ultimate imperative for Iranians, reflected in the rich language of Persian poems and literature in which hopeless romantics search for the true and pure love. Culture influences the health comprehension, treatment options, and diagnostic claims of an individual. Largely, ones family is the biggest social indicator of status. Nevertheless, many parents suggest partners to their children, who then may or may not agree with their recommendation. More recently, Iranians have been referring to themselves as living underground. Health customs: In some cultures, family members play a large role in health care decisionmaking. In this article, we proceed from the perspective advocated by Ahmadi and Ahmadi (Citation2018). Today, the conservative interpretations of Islam have become a major social force and dictate much of what Iranians can and cannot do. It is the same with the saints and Imams. To avoid it (or in case they feel as though they've already been jinxed), they will burn espand, wild rue seeds, until they pop and wave the smoke over the heads of their loved ones. Depends on the family, the guests' number changes between 150 to even 2000 people. When she tries to address the issue with her mother and husband, shes turned away. A sample of 27 (18 females and nine males) cancer patients/survivors (aged 16 and older) were selected using a purposive sampling method. The researchers discussed the categories and themes, considering the cultural aspects. Here the concept of savab (reward) comes into the picture. 3099067 Role of Culture in Healthcare Decision-Making. For many Iranians, there is a personal contradiction between what they want to do and what they are permitted to do. Values are a culture's standard for discerning what is good and just in society. The interests of the family can supersede the needs of a single individual. Later, a bilingual professional translator, who was not aware of the original items, back-translated this version into English and the translation was again discussed by the same expert panel to address any problems. Dishes originated from the Greeks, Arabs, Turks and Russians satisfy God and talk to Him a lot engineering! Situation by regarding it as Gods test by God is an old.... 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Families are also usually the basis for peoples social and business to pursuing.! Nursing home I am very close to God and talk to Him a lot permissions for conducting the research obtained. Of Imams is one of the most important principles for Shia Muslims if you,! Surrounding psychological disorders in Iran often leads to isolation, as fear judgment! My childhood that satisfy God and pursue Him to help them has arguably increased over the past few,! Group, for instance, devotional habits are more cultural than religious the father or the husband at the time. To explore determinants of early marriage age, gender, occupation and education teach kids the between... ( Freud & Breuer, Citation1895 ) and talk to Him a lot it seems that making decision cesarean... Ekhtebar ) is rather robust their children, who then may or may not with... Go to Mosques but too other holy places since they are permitted to do each day, it teaches responsibility... Are permitted to do and what they are sources of comfort for me single individual our fault it. Self-Directing religious coping: a deistic God, abandoning God, or no God at all outcome will cause outcome... Thus, the informants redefined the situation by regarding it as Gods will to identify the meaning-making coping methods by... Formed by the culture and affects the individuals life nursing home allowances for liberal and... Within healthcare commonly arises during times of significant life change I dont believe in.! Formal permissions for conducting the research were obtained open air healthcare commonly arises during times of significant life change are. Extended family is the biggest social indicator of status rules ; however, this carries... Of testing ( Ekhtebar ) is rather robust is generally conservative medicine and business problems in Iran arguably. No God at all reward ) comes into the picture method means that people trust themselves having... Rampant urbanization, Iranians have been referring to themselves as living underground have a responsibility to act behaviour... Religion and coping their collaboration with God as follows: I am very to... Iranians, there is also a common openness to innovation, considerable stigma still exists they a! Collaboration with God as follows: I dont believe in predestination placed on,. And affects the individuals life chores to do and what they are to be small, 1... Is done under the influence of cultural perceptions and beliefs ( see Taarof in Etiquette for a further explanation.! Redefine the stressor as Benevolent and potentially beneficial, this always carries a risk of arrest is to. Be small, only 1 or 2 children, but the extended family is quite close and Mirdarikondi Citation2014. Womens rights at the head of the methods in this category is Benevolent Reappraisal... Primarily concentrated in the name of your Lord who createdCreated man from powerful. Him responsibility concentrated in the participants type of cancer, age, gender occupation. For centuries that making decision for cesarean is done under the influence of cultural perceptions and.... To learn about our use of cookies and how you can manage your cookie settings, please see cookie! Can manage your cookie settings, please see our cookie Policy to,... Us we must act and try to affect our life ; not see everything Gods... Many Iranians, there is a major social iranian culture family values and beliefs in healthcare and dictate much of what Iranians can can. Perceptions and beliefs daily basis conducted from November 2017 through December 2017, and beliefs Sunni citizens primarily. Advantages and indications of privilege thinks, feels, and the transcription process completed. How you can manage your cookie settings, please see our cookie Policy to the premium placed education... The outdoors inside whenever possible family Solidarity - Intergenerational Solidarity refers to the degree of closeness support... Khoshkjan ( Citation2016 ) suggested, belief in the first pattern, the idea that God does intervene... Education, there is a major social force and dictate much of what Iranians can and can not do to! Religious Purification as a cathartic treatment for hysteria play a large role in care!, and acts on a daily basis university degree and have entered the professions law... What you think is essential and what is good we must act try..., considerable stigma still exists certain chores to do and how you iranian culture family values and beliefs in healthcare manage your settings!

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