wichita falls tornado 1979 deaths

Tornado warning and preparedness systems are worth the time and effort it takes to maintain them. Multiple locations were found. 2 All times in Central Standard Time. StormReady Stability indices indicated the air throughout central. On that spring day, three large supercell storms developed, each producing a series of tornadoes that moved quickly across the northern Texas and southern Oklahoma plains. This was especially true of the Wichita Falls tornado, whose more than 1-mile-wide path of damage is one of the biggest on record. T. T. Fujita, noted tornado researcher from the University of Chicago, said, 'The damage path was one of the widest I have ever seen, and its intensity was almost equal to that of the giant storm that leveled Xenia, Ohio, in the 1974 tornado outbreak. Nationwide, Current Conditions A tornado on the gust front developed at 3:01 pmCST near Wichita Falls Municipal Airport and traveled east approximately 1/2 mile before dissipating near Sheppard AFB at 3:04 pmCST. Tornado tore a large section of roof from an elementary school near. The tornado killed 42 Wichita Falls residents and caused over $200 million in damages, leaving 20 percent of the city's population homeless. In the latter Blacklock photographs, the gust front and associated strong west winds to the south of the tornado can be seen producing waves on Lake Wichita and kicking up spray from the lake. One person was injured. Wayne Collamore, View looking northwest east of Harrold on Highway 320 at about 4:20 pm CST. July 21, 1961 - A small, weak tornado touched down briefly in the eastern part of Wichita Falls, about 3 miles from the airport. He is now self-employed and lives with his family in San Antonio, Texas. Forty-two peoples were killed and over 1700 injured. At the surface, an already strong low pressure area in southeast Colorado was beginning to deepen further, and a warm front was starting to lift northward from central Texas. Historical weather events. In addition, many businesses, cars, trees, windows, TV antennas, and power poles incurred damage. Numbers for 1979 were similar to that of 1980. After extensive engineering analysis of the winds necessary to produce the observed structural failure to those buildings, it was concluded that all of the damage could have been produced by winds in the upper part of the F4 range (230 - 260 mph). Photographs indicated that it was a large, cylindrical tornado with a well organized debris cloud. I'm surprised he got the tornado in the frame. April 10, 1979: The worst single tornado in Texas' history hit Wichita Falls. An explanation of both the causes and effects of the many and varied weather systems that affected Texans during the year has been the central objective of this endeavor. On the evening of April 10th 1979 an F4 tornado touched down outside Wichita Falls TX and carved a 47 mile long path of destruction that would become the costliest Tornado in United States History. We knew the storms were coming, but didn't want to meet fast moving cells head-on in the low visibilities north of the warm front. The strongest wind measurement logged on the USWB equipment located 1 mile south of the air base was a 55-knot peak gust. (Rated F2 by the NWS. Select western north Texas tornado statistics by decade, county or city from the menus or maps below. It moved northeastward across U.S. Highway 287 into the Sunset Terrace addition, and then crossed the Red River Expressway (U.S. Highway 277) into the Lincoln Heights addition and eventually Sheppard Air Force Base. The Harrold tornado was in its formative stages at about the time the Vernon tornado was crossing the Red River. 3.64K subscribers Kory King and SkyWarn 6 weather forecaster John Cameron talk about the national weather historical significance of the 1979 Terrible Tuesday tornado outbreak in Texoma. Skywarn Storm Spotters By noon, all doubt was gone. The thunderstorm that fostered that tornado also produced hail up to 3 inches in diameter west of Harrold. May 23, 1888 - A tornado moved northeastward and passed 6 miles west of Wichita Falls during the evening of May 23, 1888. It generally moved to the northeast, but turned to the right along the middle of its path, the period during which it produced its violent tornado. Satellite Imagery, Forecasts Hazardous Weather Outlook More than 1700 injuries occurred within Wichita Falls. High winds in Burkburnett toppled several large trees and damaged limbs, signs, and fences throughout town. Lighter damage occurred outside of the AFB and no hail was observed. Some of these people attempted to run to their cars from the mall. This thunderstorm spawned a tornado with a continuous ground track of almost 60 miles. First indications of tornado damage were near Harrold, which is located approximately 16 miles southwest of Vernon. Three people were injured in a mobile home near the beginning of the path. To date, it is the most damaging tornado in US history. (Rated F2 by the NWS. The Red River Valley tornado outbreak of April 10, 1979 is one of the most significant tornado outbreaks that ever occurred in western north Texas and southern Oklahoma. Records taken from the Storm Prediction Center archive data, "Storm Data", and data from the National Weather Service office in Norman. As seen in the photographs by Winston Wells (location #10), the tornado became multi-vortex, displaying as many as five satellite vortices rotating around the center of circulation. On that day, at least 13 separate tornadoes touched down in the Texas/Oklahoma area, striking Wichita Falls, Vernon, Seymour, and a number of other towns. Mr. Molet continued to take photographs until the wind blew him into his garage. The tornado then moved east-northeast into the Western hills neighborhood, south of Southwest Parkway. NUMBER FIVE - THE WICHITA FALLS TORNADO - APRIL 10, 1979 One of the most infamous of Texas Tornadoes, this huge F4 first. A total of 2 people were seriously injured along the tornado's path, but most of injuries people received were minor. ", "Early on April 10, NWS forecasters became aware of the threat of severe weather. The funnel was quite close at this time and large black crows were caught up in the outer circulation. The trees on the southwest edge of the city were denuded of limbs and bark. A short time later, the same tornado invaded Vernon, taking the lives of 10 inhabitants and injuring 67 others. Other homes in the area were damaged. National Severe Storms Laboratory storm chasers photographed the tornado, which formed beneath the southwest flank of the severe thunderstorm. In the latter Blacklock photographs, the gust front and associated strong west winds to the south of the tornado can be seen producing waves on Lake Wichita and kicking up spray from the lake. Six cross-country steel transmission towers were destroyed just east of Farm Road 2650. Damage to city property totaled $5 million while Sheppard AFB had $10 million in damages. Lawton was as ready as a community could be for the tornado. The atmosphere in the Low Rolling Plains was highly unstable (with a Totals Index above 50 and a strong positive K Index extending southward out of western Oklahoma); very vigorous lifting of such unsettled air by the advancing dry line seemed sure to trigger violence (Figure 14). The F5 storm tore through Wichita and Andover, leaving a path of destruction in its wake. Sixteen of these 25 were people who entered their cars trying to evade the tornado. A darker version of this image shows the rain curtain extending around the vortex. "The common notion, born in the aftermath of the 1979 Wichita Falls tornado, that being in a vehicle during a tornado warning is synonymous with injury and death can no longer be assumed or promoted. After the tornado, a thorough investigation of the damage was performed by Texas Tech University, Institute for Disaster Research, and the University of Chicago. Final totals across three states were 181 killed and 970 injured. One F4 tornado impacted Vernon, Texas. A Doppler radar view of the three supercells is available. Elizabeth was born on January. The tornado then crossed over Kemp Boulevard and destroyed several commercial businesses, including a restaurant, resulting in several additional fatalities. He died on July 16, 1979 in El Arenal, Spanje (Palma de Mallorca). Most tornadoes form in the U.S., although some events may take place internationally. The tornado was photographed from the south during this period by Pat Blacklock location #5). Such a total would mean that between 10% and 20% of the population of the city was displaced by the tornado. The Norman Doppler radar was used to collect dense data (0.5o azimuth spacing and 150 meter gate spacing) on the Wichita Falls storm during the interval leading to the formation of the violent tornado. We continued south passing a damage path across the highway from the Harrold tornado. A total of 2 homes were completely destroyed with 31 homes and 17 mobile homes being damaged. A dry line had formed from the Childress low southward, and temperatures had become very warm in west Texas. Inevitably each year some sector of Texas suffers from the effects of a tornado strike, a blinding snowstorm, a violent hail-bearing thunderstorm, or a raging sand- or dust storm. When was the last time there was a tornado in Wichita? A number of people were also killed or injured in the parking lot of Sikes Senter (sic) Mall, also on Kemp Boulevard. June 16, 1997 - A survey conducted by a National Weather Service meteorologist confirmed that an F1 tornado touched down briefly about 5 miles southeast of Burkburnett (or 1.5 miles north of the north end of Sheppard AFB). Most tornadoes form in the U.S., although some events may take place internationally. February 16, 2023. ), November 11, 1958 - A small tornado touched down at 7:00 amCST 4 miles west of Wichita Falls and moved northeastward, striking a large new barn, unroofing one home, and scattering sheets of metal along highway for several miles. Dissipation of the tornado occurred northwest of Waurika, Oklahoma, bringing the path length to 36 miles in Texas, and 11 miles in Oklahoma. According the Weather Bureau from the time, "The large funnel alternately dipped and soared, and was followed by trailer funnel, 2 funnels touched ground; witnesses reported spotting a third." Also, the second story of the press box at the high school football stadium was blown off and scattered across the playing field. Severe damage in the Pruitt City area. Forecast Discussion, Warnings and Other Products The third member of the family formed near Waurika, Oklahoma, at around 8:00p.m. Several trailers were destroyed. A tool shed was blown away, trees uprooted, and utility poles damaged, and the Pontiac Company building was destroyed. Meteorologists still refer to that day as Terrible Tuesday because of the immense devastation and the sheer numbers. Local Enhanced Radar (Central Oklahoma-KTLX), Local Standard Radar (KTLX-low bandwidth), Local Enhanced Radar (Southwest OK/Western North TX-KFDR), Local Standard Radar (KFDR-low bandwidth), Local Standard Radar (KVNX-low bandwidth), Averages and Records for OKC, Wichita Falls & Lawton, radar-derived storm tops exceeded 50,000 feet and reflectivities were higher than 50 dBZ, a core of greater than 50 dBZ and two mesocyclones, tornado-associated mesocyclone and hook echo in the right rear portion of the echo, its movement toward the stadium and junior high, >many cars in the mall parking lot were blown some distance and stacked on top of each other, Map of the Red River Valley Tornado Outbreak in North Texas and southern Oklahoma by (Fujita and Wakimoto), Map of Significant Weather Events which occurred between 6 AM CST April 10, 1979 and 6 AM CST April 11, 1979 (Burgess), Tornado Watch Box #67 issued by the National Severe Storms Forecast Center - valid 230 PM to 700 PM CST, April 10, 1979, Storm Track of the Wichita Falls, Texas Supercell on April 10, 1979 (Burgess), Time/Height Profile of the Wichita Falls, Texas Supercell on April 10, 1979 (Burgess), Map of Radar Reflectivity and Mesocyclone Positions of the Wichita Falls, Texas Supercell at 530 pm CST, April 10, 1979 (Burgess), Map of Radar Reflectivity and Mesocyclone Position of the Wichita Falls, Texas Supercell at 600 pm CST, April 10, 1979 (Burgess), Approximate Damage Path of the Wichita Falls Tornado on April 10, 1979 (, Map of the Red River Valley Area of Oklahoma and Texas Showing Communities and Counties Affected by the April 10, 1979 Tornadoes (NOAA Natural Disaster Report 80-1), National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. We decided to make a break for it to the east which was not a smart move. We couldn't make it into Wichita Falls because we almost ran out of gas. Would we have seen the tornado and diverted? There were scattered remains of destroyed structures on either side of the road. According to the American National Red Cross, 7,759 families suffered losses in the storms (Table 1). The middle supercell, the Harrold-Grandfield storm, produced the longest-track tornado of the outbreak (64 mile path length) at 1555 CST (3:55 PM). Gene is a graduate of Oklahoma University who photographed storms when he lived in Norman, Oklahoma during the 1970s. Eyewitnesses described details of the storm differently, but they were unanimous on one point -- it was an awesome, terrifying experience beyond anything they had encountered before. ", "To the people of the Red River Valley in Texas and Oklahoma, nothing about the weather appeared unusual during the early hours of April 10, 1979: it was business as usual. Local Climate Data Most of the deaths were in Wichita Falls and Vernon, Texas . The Vernon tornado destroyed a restaurant, motel, a farm implement store, and more than a dozen homes; damage totaled $27 million. Inside the mall, portions of the JC Penney store collapsed while other stores sustained light to moderate damage. Per the SPC Database, 25 tornadoes occurred mainly in TX and OK with one lone tornado in KS. April 2, 1958 - A funnel was first spotted 8 miles southwest of Wichita Falls before touching down at 5:40 pmCST near the intersection 4th Street and Lamar Street near the Wichita River. Please try another search. At the end of the outbreak, 54 people lost their lives in Texas, three were killed in Oklahoma and one was killed in Indiana. TimesMachine is an exclusive benefit for home delivery and digital subscribers. Wayne Collamore, View looking west about 3-4 miles east of Harrold on Highway 320 at about 4:15 pm CST. Deaths An Estimated 42 people died Several strong to violent tornadoes touched down throughout the region that day. Property damages to both civilian properties and Sheppard were set at over $15 million. North Texas County DA to seek death penalty for Tanner Horner, man accused of killing Athena Strand. It then became calm before the winds began to pick up. As it moved north of Southwest Parkway, the tornado destroyed many homes in both the Western Hills Addition and the Faith Village Addition and severely damaged Ben Milam Elementary School. In the Wichita Falls area, damage occurred to ~75 homes, 15 trailer homes, high school, and numerous outbuildings. To commemorate this event, the National Weather Service in Norman, Oklahoma has compiled a large amount of information including: tornado photos of the Wichita Falls, Vernon, Seymour, and Harrold, TX tornadoes; damage photos; images of radar and satellite data; other maps and diagrams of the event; and storm data for Oklahoma and western north Texas. Moving into the city, the tornado first struck Memorial Stadium and McNiel Junior High School (location #1 on the damage path diagram), severely damaging both structures. Apr 20, 2012 - The April 10, 1979 tornado in Wichita Falls. Homes were unroofed and barns were destroyed. [7] It is the principal city of the Wichita Falls Metropolitan Statistical Area, which encompasses all of Archer, Clay, and Wichita counties. National Weather Service February 21, 1994 - Thunderstorms developed in the western part of north Texas during the afternoon hours of February 21st and produced a small weak tornado, hail up to nickel size and damaging winds. In addition, the author hopes that the analyses will serve as a handy source of reference to those who seek to recall the past and those whose research work attempts to relate the weather to other aspects of human existence. Graphical Forecasts Pinterest. Well-built modern houses, in general, offer fairly good protection from tornadoes. The heaviest damage in the apartments occurred in the second story of two-story buildings. 25 of the 42 fatalities from the tornado were vehicle related, 16 of which were of people who left their homes to evade the massive tornado. 38 On April 10, 1979, a series of deadly tornadoes broke out near the Texas-Oklahoma border. The formation of the tornado and its movement toward the Memorial Stadium and McNiel Junior High School were captured by Wolfgang Lange from the front of his apartment complex which was across the street from school building (Tornado Track Figure; Location #2). All of them happened in the first half of April. Along the 5.6-mile-long tornado path, the area of total destruction was 100 to 200 yards wide with lesser damage occurring up to 500 yards in width. It damaged homes and oil storage tanks as it moved east toward Wichita Falls. Meanwhile, behind the dry line and cool front in the High Plains, the atmosphere quickly stabilized, and drying out was evident in the lower half of the atmosphere below 500 mb (Figure 26). In many years at least some portions of the Lone Star State experience destruction or severe damage from an untimely freeze, a debilitating drought, or a lengthy spell of excessive rains. At about the mid-point in the atmosphere (around 500 mb), significant cold air advection occurred, thus exacerbating unsettled conditions, already present (Figure 23). I didn't want to move. Seventeen hundred injuries were reported in Wichita Falls. 25 of those deaths were vehicle related. While only on the ground for 35 minutes, the 800-foot-wide twister killed seven people, injured 111, and destroyed 225 homes. by Glasstire May 2, 2017. The tornado leveled a mobile home park on the north side of U.S. Highway 287, but residents had evacuated that area and no fatalities occurred in the park. The storm intercept teams noted that the tornado developed from a rotating wall cloud in the Seymour area. Instead of going through Vernon we dropped further south through Seymour, then north on Texas 267. April 3, 1964 - A violent tornado struck the northwest section of Wichita Falls and Sheppard Air Force Base, killing 7 persons and injuring 111 other people. 1 A tornado struck Waco and McLennan County on May 11, 1953, inflicting 114 deaths, 597 injuries, and damages of $4i.2 million. Fortunately, on April 10, 1979, McNiel Junior High was almost totally unoccupied when the tornado struck and a worse catastrophe was avoided. Tornado Warnings, Climate and Past Weather From the blizzards that traditionally pound the Panhandle each winter to the enduring heat that scorches vast sections of Texas later in the summer, Texas in the meteorological sense truly is the "Land of Contrast." The clouds in the flanking lines exploded up the back of the storm through the back-sheared anvil to the overshooting top. There is no doubt that hundreds of lives were saved by the news media and siren warnings. Fire Weather . Heavy lake effect snow, strong winds, and reduced visibilities continue downwind of the Great Lakes. Three people were killed in the restaurant. ( Table 1 ) American national Red Cross, 7,759 families suffered losses in the U.S., although some may. Highway from the Childress low southward, and the sheer numbers and limbs. Box at the high school, and destroyed 225 homes back of the deaths were in Falls. Of severe Weather one of the Wichita Falls 7,759 families suffered losses in storms... 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