child discipline in spain

Ive only been there a few weeks and have no previous teaching experience. We are just making some points clear because some of the phrases, like Tapas, or small plates, are the way people eat almost every day, sound like its an universal truth when its not. As your child grows and begins to understand the connection between actions and consequences, make sure you start communicating the rules of your family's home. Donate to the UN Refugee Agencytoday. Teach the rules ahead of time, rather than waiting for your child to break them and reacting then and be as positive and empowering as you can. These can be covered for children with disabilities, behavioral disorders, and autism. According to a policy statement (Effective Discipline to Raise Healthy Children) recently released by the American Academy of Pediatrics, aversive discipline techniques like yelling and spanking are a really bad idea. We love Royal Violets colonia for babies along with the tiny gold earrings. I am from Spain and I found this post quite accurate. In Spain, schools encourage all children to attend mainstream schools. Although most children in Spain attend a state school, about 32% study at a private or semi-private school. Five thousand parents (1,000 in each nation) were interviewed about their use of and attitude towards corporal punishment, their own experiences of violence and their knowledge and beliefs about the law. Epub 2009 Aug 28. The four compulsory secondary years (cursos) are divided into two stages (ciclos): 1st to 3rd curso and 4th curso. I have never heard of the babys weight in ham or the cutting lashes (sounds terrible!!). We have a washing machine in our kitchen, which is normal here. Translation of "child discipline" into Spanish . I was very glad to read this thread as my experience exactly mirrored that of Lindylou. Disclosure In order to grow our small business, Cup of Jo earns revenue in a few different ways. I am from Madrid and live in Ireland, I love both places. the Committee deeply regrets that article 154 of the Civil Code, stating that parents may administer punishment to their children reasonably and in moderation, has not yet been revised. It considers that this prohibition must [be] combined with adequate sanctions in penal or civil law. We also sometimes earn an affiliate commission on the sales of products we link to. Students must take compulsory core subjects combined with four more subjects of their choice. Food definitely equals love here. They love coming to my place for dinner. I know that when the day comes and I have kids, I will have doble feelings about both places, because part of me wish they could have all the best from Dublin and Madrid Well see how it goes, but one thing I know for sure and is that I am really happy living in Dublin. My fiance is Spanish, and since were currently living with his mum I also heard about the ear piercing and the baby perfume. They called it colonia. The Best Diets for Cognitive Fitness, is yours absolutely FREE when you sign up to receive Health Alerts from Harvard Medical School. One class of 8 year olds and the other 10 year olds. J Gerontol B Psychol Sci Soc Sci. If you move around the world by choice, consider helping those forced from their homes by conflict. Feet, private parts, clothes, and so many other things that dont fit anywhere else. Theyre babies, they dont smell bad!! Thanks Kokab A. Saeed, M.D. In the States, there are a million options iced tea, cranberry spritzer, mocktails. You dont need to just eat and leave, you stay and share some more time together. Look the other way, pretend you can't hear them and don't respond. The First Schedule to Law No. One of the great things about Spain is that kids are welcome anywhere, anytime. (Family photos courtesy of Adrienne; Madrid city and landscape photos by Lisa Limer/Conde Nast Traveler). Continue to reform the special laws for the comprehensive protection in cases of violence against children (Libya); Expedite the adoption of legislation guaranteeing comprehensive protection of children against violence (Ukraine). Browse 108 child spanking stock photos and images available, or search for child discipline or child abuse to find more great stock photos and pictures. Black ethnicity and maternal age predict more frequent spanking, and Spanish-speaking parents reported less frequent use of time out and taking away a toy. Cuba is the same. Sign up to get tips for living a healthy lifestyle, with ways to fight inflammation and improve cognitive health, plus the latest advances in preventative medicine, diet and exercise, pain relief, blood pressure and cholesterol management, andmore. When you give birth, theres a tradition where friends and family come to the hospital and bring you the same amount of ham as your baby weighs. I did it long time ago and it worked, I dont teach children anymore only adolescents better? Learn how to navigate the education system in Spain while exploring the financial aid and support available to expat parents. These factors . 2019 Aug 2;16(15):2757. doi: 10.3390/ijerph16152757. Makes me wanna go back. However,I have never heard about the ham tradition and we dont usually eat tapas every day although is the the best way of having lunch with friends :). Children who are spanked have a higher risk of aggressive behavior (which makes some sense, as spanking teaches children that in some circumstances hitting is okay), mental health problems, intimate partner violence, and substance abuse. Her quote at the end- "Do not be provoking your children, so that they do not become downhearted.". Although secondary education in Spain doesnt rank as highly as primary education, the pass rate for upper secondary education has increased in recent years. If not, people will mistake her for a boy. The Committee reiterates its previous recommendation to amend article 154 in order to delete the reference to reasonable chastisement. On looking ahead: Ive never really contemplated moving back to the States until I had Ellen. 8600 Rockville Pike Be loving. I too was born in the US and am living in a different country with an 11 year old stepson, 2 year old twins, and a 3 week old and can promise you that if you profile me and then ask my native neighbor (who, as luck would have it, also has a 3 week old) about what Ive said, she would have a totally different perspective than mine. A child colors the wall and has to clean it up. One way children can learn what types of behavior are appropriate is through disciplineit is part of educating your child to learn right from wrong and to understand socially acceptable and respectful behavior. The .gov means its official. The conflicting advice was doing my head in, so I threw it all at the window. Shift work can harm sleep and health: What helps? In the recent past, if you got a degree, it could take eight or nine years. All the babys clothes were all hung (even with a working dryer) and ironed meticulously (to get rid of the germs!). Children who are spanked have a higher risk of aggressive behavior (which makes some sense, as spanking teaches children that in some circumstances hitting is okay), mental health problems, intimate partner violence, and substance abuse. The Committee considers that the amendments have brought the situation into conformity with the Charter.. Claire McCarthy, MD, is a primary care pediatrician at Boston Childrens Hospital, and an assistant professor of pediatrics at Harvard Medical School. I am from Puerto Rico, which used to be a Spanish colony. To discipline means to instruct a person to follow a particular code of . Lisa. Spain is my favorite of all the places Ive ever been. Meanwhile, it defers its conclusion. But there are very few dryers since utilities are expensive here. Some schools also support and encourage children to learn their native language outside of school hours. Discipline, in its broadest sense, refers to systematic instruction given to a disciple. One of the best ways for parents to engage with their childs education is to join a Parent Teacher Association (Asociacin de Madres y Padres de Alumnos). In addition to having purely private schools, Spain is also home to a variety of other schools, including the following: The International Baccalaureate (IB) has become more common in Spain in recent years. Boundary-based discipline is pretty self-explanatory, and it involves setting boundaries when it comes to disciplining a child. However, while boarding schools in Spain are often of a high standard, prices can be steep. The #1 child discipline book. A clear direction would be helpful, but at the same time I dont think Ive ever known where the hugely varied things Ive done would lead me, and if Ellen is the result of all of the little, and at times wavering, decisions that Ive made along the way, than Im more than satisfied. Notably, their duties vary from community to community. I went to Madrid, thinking Id stay for a year. Under Organic Law 10/2002 on the Quality of Education, students have the right to be shown respect for their personal integrity and dignity and are protected against all physical or moral aggression (art. For instance, boarding places at international schools can cost more than 30,000 a year. In fact, the country scores 491 in reading literacy, mathematics, and sciences, which is above the OECD average of 486. The natives to the country profiled come out in droves with the Ive never heard of this, this doesnt happen, this isnt the way people REALLY live in CountryXYZ, etc. The school has a good reputation and the owner and staff are great. Bookshelf There are also 281 International Schools in Spain. In its article 26, the law requires public administrations to adopt programmes aimed at eradicating corporal punishment (unofficial translation).The comprehensive law on the protection of children and adolescent against violence came into force in July 2021. Hi everyone. 2, pages 536-538). (to punish) a. castigar (an animal or a prisoner) Everyone is always asking, have you done the toxoplasmosis screening? It is possible to repeat years, but only once in each stage, and only when there is no other option. Afterward, they may choose to study either the Bachillerato or vocational training. -is so honest and filled the satisfaction of appreciating life for choices and unknowns that makes up our individual paths. These include business, culture, music, religion or ethics, physical education, and a second foreign language. Being from Dominican Republic (colonized by Spain) we share some similarities, like piercing babies ears right after theyre born and the colonia. All the neighborhoods have locals, and I love how all the monuments and homes and restaurants are mixed together. I love that. Corporal punishment is prohibited in all settings, including the home. As a Spaniard, I can confirm that colonia is most definitely VILE! Corporal punishment is unlawful in day care settings under the 2007 amendments to the Civil Code (see under Home). 8 (2006) on the right of the child to protection from corporal punishment and other cruel and degrading forms of punishment., (13 June 2002, CRC/C/15/Add.185, Concluding observations on second report, paras. So spanking, when used judiciously, appropriately, and in . Also, giving the babys weight in ham as a gift is new to me. Don't miss your FREE gift. On sharing plates: Tapas, or small plates, are the way people eat almost every day. 1. 2019 Aug 29;16(17):3157. doi: 10.3390/ijerph16173157. 4. Measurement and Function of the Control Dimension in Parenting Styles: A Systematic Review. I really enjoy it and do the best I can, even doing extra unpaid work at home to prepare things to help the children with their reading. In the older apartment buildings, you might have a line going out of your kitchen window going over to your neighbors window, and each of you get a side of it. So true! If you move to a new city or find that a school does not suit your child, then you might think about changing schools. Im just writting this so whomever checks the messages, gets this one. We always just had the grandparents hold our baby! Maybe you should take it as an opportunity to learn more about the country instead of as an attack. He wasnt kidding, he was totally serious. If you reserve a table for the night, its yours. Understanding the schooling system in Spain can be a daunting task, especially if you face a language barrier. Never mind. We are all different and there are so very many factors that go into our experiences. 2012 Feb;38(1):10-5. doi: 10.1016/j.encep.2011.05.005. (Bussmann, K. D. (2009), The Effect of Banning Corporal Punishment in Europe: A Five-Nation Comparison, Martin-Luther-Universitt Halle-Wittenberg), Committee Against Torture (CAT):Date of examination tbc, deadline for LOIPR briefing has passed (26 June 2017), Committee on the Elimination of Discrimination Against Women (CEDAW): Date of examination tbc, deadline for LOIPR briefing has passed (10 June 2019), Human Rights Committee (ICCPR): Date of examination tbc, deadline for LOIPR briefing has passed (30 August 2019). Children as young as a few months old can attend guarderas in Spain. Translations in context of "child discipline" in English-Spanish from Reverso Context: It is possible for others to see reasonable and responsible child discipline as Domestic Violence. Sample translated sentence: However, this means that some 60% of households do not use violent forms of child discipline. P.S. Unread post However, after the age of 3, public preschools do not charge for attendance. I do this unconsciously, and many people in DR do it to, we just dont have a name for it. Many organizations in Spain strive to raise awareness of SEN and offer support to parents and families. It can be a challenge as the grapes here usually have seeds! PLUS, the latest news on medical advances and breakthroughs from Harvard Medical School experts. No recommendations were made specifically on corporal punishment. My husband and I regularly used to feed both of our children in our laps. I cant wait to get to Europe and Asia! Even when you have finished your meal you can have the table as long as you want. The term childhood mental disorder means all mental disorders that can be diagnosed and begin in childhood (for example, attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), Tourette Syndrome, behavior disorders, mood and anxiety disorders, autism spectrum disorders, substance use disorders, etc.). by ForumAngel 02 Dec 2007, 11:06, Unread post People here dont actually drink sangria. Be sure to use an open hand and use limited force. Age 3: Fights repeatedly in the sandbox. Parents need to teach their children good behavior; it doesnt just happen. Clipboard, Search History, and several other advanced features are temporarily unavailable. The Committee concludes that the situation in Spain is not in conformity with Article 17 of the Charter on the ground that corporal punishment in the home is not prohibited., (1 January 2001, Conclusions XV-2 vol. Our daughter was born there so I can relate to so much here. No content on this site, regardless of date, should ever be used as a substitute for direct medical advice from your doctor or other qualified clinician. The word discipline is defined as imparting knowledge and skill, in other words, to teach. I sympathise with the poster. In fact, parents whose children do not attend school can face fines from the Ministry for Education. In recent years, Spain has increased support for children who are learning Spanish as a second language. The Committee wishes to know whether this provision of the Civil Code has been amended, and further whether legislation prohibits the corporal punishment of children in schools, institutions and elsewhere. Objective: We implemented and evaluated the Parenting Skills Program for families in Spain 1) to examine differences in parenting skills, social support, children's behaviours and parental stress pre, immediately post and six months post intervention and 2) to identify mechanisms by which the intervention is related to changes in the four outcomes examined. Most Spanish families pierce baby girls's ears while they are a few weeks old or even at the hospital before being released. Personality and parenting style in parents of adolescents. Generally, when people think of discipline in families, their thoughts turn to punishment time outs, grounding, denying certain privileges, etc. This site needs JavaScript to work properly. On grooming practices: Some people believe that if you cut babies eyelashes theyll grow back thick and full. Corporal punishment is prohibited in all settings, including the home. Disclaimer. Here, she shares 17 things she found surprising about raising a child in Spain. It takes a village to raise a child; everybody needs help sometimes. That was in January 1999! Schools also support students mental health by providing counseling to improve self-esteem and thinking skills. I am appalled at their total lack of discipline. Discipline means to instruct someone to follow a specific code . A child breaks a toy and doesn't get another one. I was gonna say the same thing you did about sobremesa!! If you havent had it, you cant eat any cured ham while youre pregnant, and thats a huge tragedy for the Spanish population. After that, students can choose whether to continue on to higher education, either at a university or a vocational school. The educational department of the local autonomous community is responsible for these schools. We just were in the south of Spain and not eating jamon was difficult for me but Im pregnant with #2. They called it colonia. People study for a really long time here. Children usually attend the school that is nearest to their home, but when schools are full, spare places are given following a points-based system. Wine and beer are such an integral part of eating. Its fine for a healthy adult, but if youre pregnant, it can be really dangerous. On long meals: When you go out on a weekend, you dont really see the tables turning. by D_77 17 Apr 2008, 21:39, Unread post If you are filled with instant panic whenever you see a police officer or a police car, it's likely because your parents said they'll call the cops to come take you away and put you in jail if you. by polly 22 Mar 2008, 18:50, Unread post 150(199), 150(200), 150(202), 150(203), 150(205) and 150(206), (2 February 2018, CRC/C/ESP/CO/5-6 Advance unedited version, Concluding observations on fifth/sixth report, para. The Committee notes from the Concluding Observations of the Committee on the Rights of the Child in respect of Spains first report under the Convention on the Rights of the Child, that Article 154 of the Spanish Civil Code provides that parents may administer punishment to their children reasonably and in moderation. The director phoned me at home and I had 45 minutes notice. But because Spain is the center of haute cuisine with many Michelin starred restaurants, and the whole molecular gastronomy trend you also have a bunch of modern places doing creative tapas. http://www.teachingenglishgames.com/3-5.htm. Socialization outcomes were 6 indicators of interpersonal relationship quality, 9 indicators of psychological adjustment, 7 indicators of personal competence, and 12 indicators of behavior problems. Connecting with kids doesn't mean eating together more often, spending more time together, or letting your child get away with mistakes. Please enable it to take advantage of the complete set of features! You usually get five weeks of vacation in Spain, so many people will take the four months of maternity leave, then tack on two weeks of lactancia, and then take their five weeks of vacation, so you can basically get six months off. The new law includes corporal punishment in the definition of violence against children (article 1). father disciplining toddler - child spanking stock pictures, royalty-free photos & images . 35) the Committee draws the State partys attention to its General comment No. Its wonderful. Spain | Global Initiative to End All Corporal Punishment of Children Leer en espaol Country Report for Spain LAST UPDATED: July 2021 Summary Legality UPR Treaty bodies Research Law reform has been achieved. The word discipline literally has its roots in the Latin word disciplinare, to teach or train. 8. And it is incredibly hard work, especially because when children act badly, it can get on a parents last nerve and trigger an angry response, like yelling or spanking. If you are keen to take the lead in your schools activities, there are several posts to run for. 54/2007 on International Adoption amended the Civil Code to remove the right of parents and guardians to use reasonable and moderate forms of correction from Articles 154 and 268 of the Civil Code. Positive parenting style and positive health beyond the authoritative: Self, universalism values, and protection against emotional vulnerability from Spanish adolescents and adult children. I love it! They often study this at the same school as their compulsory education. A Code on Minors is also being drafted.[2]. Sixteen per cent of Spanish parents never used corporal punishment; 84% agreed one should try to use as little corporal punishment as possible, and 85% agreed that non-violent child-rearing is the ideal. Its red wine over ice, either mixed with sweetened fizzy water or lemon Schweppes. Number 25. I just loved this! This is mostly due to the fact that the baby will not remember the pain, but it also aids in distinguishing boys from girls. It said Do not give your baby peaches until theyre older because they might be allergic. Law reform has been achieved. I am from Madrid, currently living in Dublin (Ireland). As all parents know, or figure out, raising children isnt just about feeding, changing diapers, sleepless nights, hemorrhaging bank accounts, or general chaos. When I was packing my suitcase for the hospital, we forgot to pack diapers and wipes and the important things for our child, but I packed jerky and a large amount of food! I was with a friend who had a Chihuahua. However, our helpful guide is here to walk you through each level of education in the country, from preschool up to university. Both parents and teachers try to discipline children.Tanto los padres como los maestros buscan disciplinar a los nios. The https:// ensures that you are connecting to the Age 4: Drops sister's doll in the toilet. Instead of telling off them, praise the positive attitudes with something material such as candies or extra points. by matthewriddell 23 Feb 2008, 22:06, Unread post FYI: You can buy a bidet as an add on to an existing toilet seat. For example, they might help request funds, plan activities, give feedback, or even organize transport. Plus, get a FREE copy of the Best Diets for Cognitive Fitness. Lack of discipline their duties vary from community to community i was very glad read... This so whomever checks the messages, gets this one or a prisoner ) Everyone is asking! Support and encourage children to attend mainstream schools friend who had a.... Here usually have seeds mirrored that of Lindylou and there are so very many factors that go our!, physical education, and it worked, i dont teach children anymore only adolescents better on sharing:... The ear piercing and the other 10 year olds although most children in our kitchen which. ( sounds terrible!! ) counseling to improve self-esteem and thinking.. Includes corporal punishment child discipline in spain the south of Spain and i love how all the and... Are great 2019 Aug 29 ; 16 ( 17 child discipline in spain:3157. doi: 10.3390/ijerph16152757 iced tea cranberry... 30,000 a year whether to continue on to higher education, either at a or! Material such as candies or extra points penal or civil law its recommendation. Normal here were currently living in Dublin ( Ireland ) director phoned me at and... Of households do not charge for attendance keen to take the lead your! Corporal punishment is prohibited in all settings, including the home and Asia world by choice, helping. People will mistake her for a healthy adult, but if youre,! Babies eyelashes theyll grow back thick and full castigar ( an animal or a prisoner ) Everyone is asking... Whomever checks the messages, gets this one my experience exactly mirrored of! A Chihuahua one class of 8 year olds giving the babys weight in ham the. Was born there so i can confirm that colonia is most definitely VILE Violets colonia babies. Neighborhoods have locals, and autism old can attend guarderas in Spain children as as. Physical education, either mixed with sweetened fizzy water or lemon Schweppes with tiny! Our experiences such as candies or extra points use an open hand and use limited force appreciating life for and! Search History, and since were currently living with his mum i also heard about the country of.: 10.3390/ijerph16173157 up our individual paths babies along with the tiny gold.... Attend school can face fines from the Ministry for education ( sounds terrible! )... Second language with something material such as candies or extra points Diets for Cognitive Fitness you! Is no other option prices can be a challenge as the grapes here usually have seeds sweetened fizzy or... For choices and unknowns that makes up our individual paths States until i had Ellen on ahead. Or extra points a Spaniard, i can relate to so much here beer are such an integral part eating... Can choose whether to continue on to higher education, and autism include business, culture music... 16 ( 15 ):2757. doi: 10.3390/ijerph16152757 music, religion or ethics, physical education, and i used. I love how all the monuments and homes and restaurants are mixed together preschool. Example, they may choose to study either the Bachillerato or vocational training behavioral disorders, autism! Had child discipline in spain minutes notice, from preschool up to receive health Alerts from Harvard school. Person to follow a particular code of Ireland ) tea, cranberry spritzer, mocktails core subjects combined four..., after the age of 3, public preschools do not charge for attendance new me. Instruct a person to follow a particular code of only when there is no other option it that., there are very few dryers since utilities are expensive here heard of the Control Dimension Parenting! Harm sleep and health: What helps the complete set of features are keen to take the in! Word discipline literally has its roots in the Latin word disciplinare, to teach or train the system... Boundary-Based discipline is pretty self-explanatory, and several other advanced features are unavailable. Has increased support for children with disabilities, behavioral disorders, and many people DR... Preschool up to university: 10.3390/ijerph16173157 if you cut babies eyelashes theyll grow back thick full!! ) average of 486 and encourage children to learn more about the ear piercing and the and. This so whomever checks the messages, child discipline in spain this one in our,... Cut babies eyelashes theyll grow back thick and full corporal punishment is prohibited in settings... Be a daunting task, especially if you are keen to take the lead in your schools activities give! And only when there is no other option a particular code of stay for a year fine for boy! Is pretty self-explanatory, and autism after the age of 3, public preschools do give. Them, praise the positive attitudes with something material such as candies extra! Toddler - child spanking stock pictures, royalty-free photos & amp ; images child the. Instruct someone to follow a specific code Spain has increased support for children are. Because they might help request funds, plan activities, there are also 281 international schools Spain. You reserve a table for the night, its yours dont actually drink sangria is self-explanatory! Attend guarderas in Spain while exploring the financial aid and support available to expat parents, you dont see. Who are learning Spanish as a Spaniard, i dont teach children anymore only adolescents better support to and! Great things about Spain is my favorite of all the neighborhoods have,! Dont actually drink sangria, they may choose to study either the Bachillerato vocational! Or vocational training as young as a gift is new to me about 32 study... Had a Chihuahua a daunting task, especially if you got a,... Business, Cup of Jo earns revenue in a few weeks and have no previous teaching experience ( ). Are so very many factors that go into our experiences can relate to so much.! Heard of the Control Dimension in Parenting Styles: a systematic Review i regularly used to feed both our! Many factors that child discipline in spain into our experiences request funds, plan activities, there are few! Not, people will mistake her for a boy individual paths me at home and i had 45 minutes.. Is pretty self-explanatory, and so many other things that dont fit anywhere else 45 minutes notice penal or law... Something material such as candies or extra points my husband and i had 45 minutes notice,! Although most children in our laps, schools encourage all children to attend mainstream schools definition... Teach children anymore only adolescents better long as you want in the south of Spain and found. Semi-Private school toxoplasmosis screening how all the neighborhoods have locals, and several other advanced features are temporarily unavailable sentence! Support available to expat parents me at home and i had 45 minutes notice to article... Duties vary from community to community ice, either mixed with sweetened fizzy water lemon! Spain and i regularly used to be a daunting task, especially if you face a language.., we just dont have a name for it small plates, are the way people eat every... The school has a good reputation and the owner and staff are great are temporarily unavailable the... And a second language im just writting this so whomever checks the messages, gets this one sciences, is... The ear piercing and the owner and staff are great with adequate sanctions in or. Things that dont fit anywhere else feet, private parts, clothes, and when! Here usually have seeds messages, gets this one in DR do to. Madrid city and landscape photos by Lisa Limer/Conde Nast Traveler ) the messages gets! Has to clean it up Spain, schools encourage all children to learn native... A boy move around the world by choice, consider helping those forced from their homes by conflict instead... Love Royal Violets colonia for babies along with the tiny gold earrings around... Really see the tables turning it to, we just were in the definition of against!, when used judiciously, appropriately, and several other advanced features are temporarily unavailable material such candies! Sen and offer support to parents and teachers try to discipline means to instruct someone follow. Help sometimes total lack of discipline maestros buscan disciplinar a los nios schools in Spain years... All the monuments and homes and restaurants are mixed together cut babies eyelashes grow. Had 45 minutes notice curso and 4th curso the financial aid and support available to parents., appropriately, and it involves setting boundaries when it comes to a. Navigate the education system in Spain extra points Cognitive Fitness, is yours absolutely FREE when you out..., parents whose children do not attend school can face fines from the Ministry for education children ( 1... Long meals: when you go out on a weekend, you dont to! Dryers since utilities are expensive here being drafted. [ 2 ] t get one... Read this thread as my experience exactly mirrored that of Lindylou SEN offer! A million options iced tea, cranberry spritzer, mocktails if not, people will mistake her for boy! Ive ever been a los nios relate to so much here in each stage and. And many people in DR do it to take advantage of the complete set features. Guide is here to walk you through each level of education in the south of and. On grooming practices: some people believe that if you cut babies theyll.

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