night of broken glass quizlet

13 terms. From November 9 to 10, 1938, in an . Some Jewish women were sent to local jails. Shortly before Kristallnacht, U.S. aviator Charles Lindbergh toured Germany and was given a medal by Hermann Gring, commander of the German air force. It is difficult to pinpoint the exact date when the Holocaust began, but Kristallnacht ("the Night of Broken Glass") is by all accounts a key milestone leading up to the destruction of European Jewry. [36], Some leading party officials disagreed with Goebbels' actions, fearing the diplomatic crisis it would provoke. [80] Prior to this large-scale and organized violence against the Jews, the Nazi's primary objective was to eject them from Germany, leaving their wealth behind. More than 30,000 Jewish men were arrested and imprisoned in Nazi concentration camps; primarily Dachau, Buchenwald, and Sachsenhausen.[42]. Her young adult novel-in-verse, PAPER HEARTS, based on a true story of friendship and survival in Auschwitz, is published by Margaret K. McElderry Books (Simon & Schuster). [a] Modern analysis of German scholarly sources puts the figure much higher; when deaths from post-arrest maltreatment and subsequent suicides are included, the death toll reaches the hundreds, with Richard J. Evans estimating 638 deaths by suicide. After intense discussions, Hitler left the assembly abruptly without giving his usual address. [83], In 1989, Al Gore, then a senator from Tennessee and later Vice President of the United States, wrote of an "ecological Kristallnacht" in The New York Times. On this day, on 9 November 1938, commenced 48-hours of 'Kristallnacht', also known as 'The night of broken glass' or 'November Progroms'. The violence included torching synagogues, vandalizing homes, schools, and graveyards, and destroying thousands of businesses. Night of Broken Glass, Nov 9 1938 night when the Nazis killed or injured many jews and destroyed many jewish propertys. [84], Kristallnacht was the inspiration for the 1993 album Kristallnacht by the composer John Zorn. [67] In 1939 this was extended to a prohibition on reporting any anti-Jewish measures. WATCH: Third Reich: The Rise on HISTORY Vault. View the list of all donors. Thus, the overreaction to Herschel Grynszpan's attempt against the diplomat Ernst vom Rath came into being and led to the November pogrom. Identify the original Greek. [40][6] Jewish homes were ransacked all throughout Germany. All Wasted 10. He announced that "the Fhrer has decided that demonstrations should not be prepared or organized by the Party, but insofar as they erupt spontaneously, they are not to be hampered. [31], Grynszpan made no attempt to escape the French police and freely confessed to the shooting. The background of the pogrom was signified by a sharp cleavage of interests between the different agencies of party and state. "[73] Diarmaid MacCulloch argued that Luther's 1543 pamphlet, On the Jews and Their Lies was a "blueprint" for the Kristallnacht.[74]. Nazi officials disguised the organized nature of the pogroms. "[16] Their rights as citizens had been stripped. They waited there in harsh conditions to be allowed to enter Poland. From November 9 to 10, 1938, in an incident known as Kristallnacht, Nazis in Germany torched synagogues, vandalized Jewish homes, schools and businesses, and murdered close to 100 Jews. Herschel Grynszpan carried a revolver and thoughts of revenge with him as he walked through the streets of Paris . [50][51][52], The number of emigrating Jews surged, as those who were able to left the country. On November 910, 1938, Nazi leaders unleashed a series of pogroms against the Jewish population in Germany and recently incorporated territories. Just before midnight on November 9, Gestapo chief Heinrich Mller sent a telegram to all police units informing them that in shortest order, actions against Jews and especially their synagogues will take place in all of Germany. They were one of the forces held responsible for Kristallnacht. The night of broken glass. The immediate reaction by the Gestapo was to push the Polish Jews16,000 personsover the borderline, but this measure failed due to the stubbornness of the Polish customs officers. First, by 1938 large numbers of Germans had joined the Nazi Party for pragmatic reasons rather than ideology thus diluting the percentage of rabid antisemites; second, the Kristallnacht could have caused party members to reject antisemitism that had been acceptable to them in abstract terms but which they could not support when they saw it concretely enacted. The orders also indicated that police officials should arrest as many Jews as local jails could hold, preferably young, healthy men. tags: holocaust , night-of-the-broken-glass , pogroms. The name is a reference to the broken glass that resulted from the destruction. Kristallnacht (German pronunciation: [kstalnat] (listen)) or the Night of Broken Glass, also called the November pogrom(s) (German: Novemberpogrome, pronounced [novm.b.poom] (listen)),[1][2] was a pogrom against Jews carried out by the Nazi Party's Sturmabteilung (SA) paramilitary and Schutzstaffel (SS) paramilitary forces along with some participation from the Hitler Youth and German civilians throughout Nazi Germany on 910 November 1938. This wave of violence took place throughout Germany, annexed Austria, and in areas of the Sudetenland in Czechoslovakia recently occupied by German troops. BethanyMilby. Alternate titles: Crystal Night, Night of Broken Glass, Night of Crystal, November Pogroms. Tombstones were uprooted and graves violated. How did Hitler attempt to accomplish https://www.britannica.com/event/Kristallnacht, United States Holocaust Memorial Museum - Holocaust Encyclopedia - Kristallnacht, Kristallnacht - Student Encyclopedia (Ages 11 and up). Six million Reichsmarks of insurance payments for property damage due to the Jewish community were instead paid to the Reich government as "damages to the German Nation". [72] A Protestant parson spoke out in 1943 and was sent to Dachau concentration camp where he died after a few days. Despite the increasing threat faced by Jews living under Nazi rule in Germany and Austria, President Roosevelt knew that he would not be able to persuade Congress to reconsider immigration regulations. "I'm Revier 16 (In precinct No. READ MORE: Holocaust Photos Reveal Horrors of Nazi Concentration Camps. How did changing energy needs affect the public's view over time? "[16], Kristallnacht was also instrumental in changing global public opinion. Ensuing legislation barred Jews, already ineligible for employment in the public sector, from practicing most professions in the private sector. They described the actions as justifiable and spontaneous responses of the German population to the assassination of a German diplomatic official, Ernst vom Rath, in Paris. Nazi propaganda alienated 500,000 Jews in Germany, who accounted for only 0.86% of the overall population, and framed them as an enemy responsible for Germany's defeat in the First World War and for its subsequent economic disasters, such as the 1920s hyperinflation and subsequent Great Depression. The synagogues, some centuries old, were also victims of considerable violence and vandalism, with the tactics the Stormtroops practiced on these and other sacred sites described as "approaching the ghoulish" by the United States Consul in Leipzig. "Silence and Outrage: Reassessing the Complex Christian Response to Kristallnacht in English-Speaking Canada. A newspaper in Britain described the last move, which cut off the Jewish populace from their leaders, as "intended to disrupt the Jewish community and rob it of the last frail ties which hold it together. Ninety-one Jews were killed and 30,000 Jewish men were taken away. The United States recalled its ambassador (but it did not break off diplomatic relations) while other governments severed diplomatic relations with Germany in protest. Though cleansing campaigns for ethnic or religious read more, From November 8 to November 9, 1923, Adolf Hitler (1889-1945) and his followers staged the Beer Hall Putsch in Munich, a failed takeover of the government in Bavaria, a state in southern Germany. After Kristallnacht, conditions for German Jews grew increasingly worse. "[29] He received the postcard on 3 November 1938. Compare Impact of Energy Over Time Chancellor Adolf Hitler, urged on by Hermann Gring and Heinrich Himmler, ordered a series of political extrajudicial executions . [85], Kristallnacht was the inspiration for the 1988 composition Mayn Yngele by the composer Frederic Rzewski, of which he says: "I began writing this piece in November 1988, on the 50th anniversary of the Kristallnacht My piece is a reflection on that vanished part of Jewish tradition which so strongly colors, by its absence, the culture of our time". The Night of Broken Glass, or Kristallnacht, was a pogrom against the Jews by the Nazi Party's dread Sturmabteilung (SA) on November 9-10, 1938. On Kristallnacht Nov. 9-10, 1938 Nazi storm troopers and sympathizers raided and destroyed thousands of Jewish homes, shops and synagogues. [28] Their seventeen-year-old son Herschel was living in Paris with an uncle. The official figure for Jewish deaths, released by German officials in the aftermath of Kristallnacht, was 91, but recent scholarship suggests that there were hundreds of deaths, especially if one counts those who died of their injuries in the days and weeks that followed the pogrom. Significantly, Kristallnacht marks the first instance in which the Nazi regime incarcerated Jews on a massive scale simply on the basis of their ethnicity. Chapter 13 Test Study Guide. [22], The Zionist leadership in the British Mandate of Palestine wrote in February 1938 that according to "a very reliable private sourceone which can be traced back to the highest echelons of the SS leadership", there was "an intention to carry out a genuine and dramatic pogrom in Germany on a large scale in the near future". New York: Praeger, 1990. Many synagogues burned throughout the night in full view of the public and of local firefighters, who had received orders to intervene only to prevent flames from spreading to nearby buildings. The Nazi government barred Jews from schools on November 15 and authorized local authorities to impose curfews in late November. [17] The subsequent 1935 Nuremberg Laws stripped German Jews of their citizenship and prohibited Jews from marrying non-Jewish Germans. [60], In an article released for publication on the evening of 11 November, Goebbels ascribed the events of Kristallnacht to the "healthy instincts" of the German people. Parson spoke out in 1943 and was sent to Dachau concentration camp where he died after a few.... Ninety-One Jews were killed and 30,000 Jewish men were taken away through streets! 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