what is a dominant discourse in social work

So we could say that the 'dominant discourse' about children is that they're innocent. Thus, Maxine as a professional is treated with disdainful suspicion by Ms. M. Maxine herself feels to blame for failure to make a difference with the case. In identifying this, Ronni restructures her practice in light of what has previously been left out. Taras school attendance was irregular and she was involved in conflict with her mother. Dr. Nicki Lisa Cole is a sociologist. New York: Routledge. However, the theoretical foundations of social work have been dominated primarily by the psychological and systems perspectives. Revolutions in how mental health problems are conceptualised have had a substantial impact on the work of mental health nurses. Her agency had neither an analysis of the sensitivity of her position in relation to immigrant clients, nor the racist assumptions that grounded these case allocations. In this kind of opposition, chances for dialogue about complicated issues, chances for Ronni to promote change through communication of her perspective, and to use the experience of the school personnel for her own learning and growth were limited. They can be found in many forms of media and communication. In the book of abstracts, our abstract was 115 of 119. Introduction to Discourse in Sociology. This paper concerns the relation between critical reflective practice and social workers lived experience of the complicated and contradictory world of practice. Educators from oneTILT define social identity as having these three characteristics: Exists (or is consistently used) to bestow power, benefits, or disadvantage. Cookies collect information about your preferences and your devices and are used to make the site work as you expect it to, to understand how you interact with the site, and to show advertisements that are targeted to your interests. The dominant understanding of empowerment in the context of international development is based on a discourse that is Western-centric and neo-colonialist. Geography. It aims to understand how language is used in real life situations. Ideology thus shapes discourse, and, once discourse is infused throughout society, it, in turn, influences the reproduction of ideology. Biomedicine is a dominant and pervasive model in health care settings and there are strengths and limitations in working within the this discourse. These contradictions are at work inside our subjectivity every day it is not an exaggeration to say that our practice is at the mercy of contradictory forces. However, despite numerous revolutions within the field of mental health, the biological paradigm has remained largely dominant within western healthcare, especially in orientating the understanding and treatment of . When we look outside the boundaries of discourses, we may discover practice questions which help us reflect on power and possibility. The relationship with the eldest became a child protection matter when Ms. M was investigated for assaulting her eldest daughter, whom she saw as disobedient and disrespectful. Agnes, whom Garfinkel considered as 'practical methodologist', developed numerous skills for passing as normal, natural female. Critical discourse analysis (or discourse analysis) is a research method for studying written or spoken language in relation to its social context. However, as Healy points out, it is a model that fails to include the multiple identifications and obligations of service workers (p. 136). . The biomedical discourse is one of the most influential discourses in the health care profession today (Healy, p. 20). A few examples include the discourse on illegal migrants, discourse on disabilities and mental illness, discourse on social behavior, discourse on the position of the youth in the society and much more. Non Dominant Discourses are what " brings solidarity with a particular social network ". In other words, from a poststructural point of view, discourses are the sets of language practices that shape our thoughts, actions and even our identities," as quoted from Karen Healy, 2014, p. 3. It thus shapes what we are able to think and know any point in time. Discourse refers to how we think and communicate about people, things, the social organization of society, and the relationships among and between all three. What exactly does discourse "construct"? Taylor, C., & White, S. (2000). These dominant discourses often reflect erroneous assumptions about the root causes of ill health, individualistic ideas of risk and risk management and individual responsibility, taken for granted assumptions about the importance of efficiency over effectiveness, and the inevitability of health and social inequities as a function of poor . Historical trauma repeats itself in the small micro interactions of practice. Ronni understood those discourses as aimed at regulating teen sexuality of girls with an inherent message that no sexuality is healthy sexuality. Such templates are the discourses through which particular practices are made possible. A dominant discourse is the most common or popular way of speaking about something. Maxinestamp358@hotmail.com. The words that dominated a 2011 Republican presidential debate hosted by Fox News. Ronni came to see that this discursive position cancelled out the possibility of calling on school personnel as resources for Tara - resources that had the potential to protect her as a young girl with particular vulnerabilities. To challenge this discourse, we need to look at what it means to be poor in today's society. Ronni allowed her to talk about sexual pleasure, her perceptions of her sexuality and her understanding of sexual relationships. Ronni aligned herself politically with resistance to heterosexism and patriarchy. ), Reading Foucault for social work (pp. There may be ethical dilemmas that need to be resolved via ethics codes and decision-making schema, but practitioners will follow the prescriptions of liberalism by making correct decisions, craftily implementing theory through the right interventions, and now, even overturning racism, classism and sexism in the process. Here, Ronni brings a practice approach which is libratory and protective. The strength of dominant discourses lies in their ability to shut out other options or opinions to the extent that thinking . Mainstream media typically adopt the dominant state-sanctioned discourse and showcases it by giving airtime and print space to authority figures from those institutions. Such a process enabled them to stand back from the scope of their practice in order to understand its construction within a particular discursive space. We worked to identify oppositions between competing discourses. 16, Issue. The common-sense ideas, assumptions and values of dominant ideologies are communicated through dominant discourses dominant discourses. In Critical Social Justice, dominance is the yang to oppression's yin. Original language. From this position, responsibility for the problems were located in the mother, who, in attachment terms, did not properly manage the separation and reunification issues. We can raise questions about practices that may be outside such reproduction. They described cases that had a significant impact on the development of their sense of selves as workers. These behaviors and patterns of speech and writing reflect the ideologies of those who have the most power in the society. It focuses specifically on participant . How do some discourses oppose or resist power? Indeed, this figure has become the normative definition of the truly committed social worker. ThoughtCo, Aug. 28, 2020, thoughtco.com/discourse-definition-3026070. People are understood to be members of social groupsusually . When you conduct discourse analysis, you might focus on: The purposes and effects of different types of language. Gee's definition of Discourse is a theory that explains how language works in society. My students came to class as failed heroes. The dominant discourses in our society powerfully influence what gets "storied" and how it gets storied. The construction of oppositions helped students identify what they might have left out of their thinking about the cases. Maxine made extraordinary efforts to help Ms. M and her daughter, but to no avail, because her constructed participation in this reproduction process was the root of her pain. In turn, such assessments act against the internalization of the contradictions played out in social work practice. Once discourses were identified, students could discover how those discourses created subject positions for themselves, their clients and others involved in the case. Dominant discourse is a way of speaking or behaving on any given topic it is the language and actions that appear most prevalently within a given society. Finally, what does discourse analysis as critical reflection leave us with? Dominant culture is a group whose members hold more power relative to other members in society. These ideas challenge dominant discourses and emphasise a process of active engagement with communities to counter in- . asserts that discourses, in Fou- cault's work, are ways of constituting knowledge, together with the social practices, forms of subjectivity and power relations. Ronni believed that such discourses silenced and disciplined not only young women such as Tara, but all young womens diverse and fluid experiences of sexuality. Also she is positioned as the insider in the child protection agency who must dispose of the other using her insider talents, but who cannot speak from the inside because it would challenge deep-seated power relations. In taking up that alignment, she positioned herself as Taras protector her shield against school personnel with their regressive focus on prevention of acknowledgment of sexuality. In doing so it produces much of what occurs within us and within society. It constitutes the categories of academic writing aimed at teaching students the method of organizing and expressing thoughts in expository paragraphs. Conclusion. This is why it is critical reflection. Maxines way into the case was to identify the ruling discourse of attachment. Throughout our analyses, we worked to understand what views discourses permitted or inhibited. A dominant discourse of race often positions whiteness as . This is because that insider knowledge is knowledge of historical trauma, injustice, racism and white privilege, and it is certainly outside the boundaries of attachment discourses. It was clear to me that the emotions described in these cases could only be exacerbated by introducing newer and improved practice theories, as if the proper application of such theories could have achieved different outcomes, thus alleviating individual failure. I suggest that we gain new vantage points from which to reconstruct practice theory in ways that are more consciously oriented to our social justice commitments. My hope is that understanding our social construction through discourse analysis can open space for reconceptualizing the apologetic social worker by tempering the unrealistic goals of professional knowledge and valuing the intellectual interest afforded by the kinds of questions with which social work is engaged. Marston, G. (2004), Social Policy and Discourse Analysis: Policy Change in Public Housing, Aldershot: Ashgate. however, conflicted with the dominant Discourses of others in the school. Social work is a nodal point where history, culture and individual meet within an imperative for action. Discourse theorists disagree on which parts of our world are real. Discourse is not a neutral entity, but is the social construction of ideas based on culture, values and beliefs which are entrenched in practices such as ordinary narratives. A discourse analyst is then less interested in assessing the truth or falsity of the social reality as shaped by a particular discourse, than in the ways that people use language to construct their accounts of their social world. ), and it may be spoken in . We dont know how to know social work as a constructed place, and ourselves as constructed subjectivities within that political space (Rossiter, 2000). This paper is based on the results of an Australian survey of 5007 young women aged 13-25, which examined their experiences of menstruation and dysmenorrhea. Rossiter, A. In this hope for practice as justice, the responsibility of social work is shifted from change at the more discreet levels of individuals, families, groups, communities, to the social determinants that produce private troubles. London: Routledge. Those actions lead to a decrease in health in all senses, physically, mentally and socially. Pregnant with possibility: Reducing ethical trespasses in social work practice with young single mothers. The focus of this paper is the need for social workers to be prepared to look at ageing issues from a critical social work perspective and not just a conventional social work stance, and to not be co-opted into using ageist language, discourse and communication styles when working with older people in social care services and health care settings. People with mental illnesses are overrepresented in the criminal justice system, and discourses concerning the medical model, criminalization, and criminality dominate the intervention . The essential question is: If reflective practice derives theory from experience, how do we critically problematise the very experience from which we draw our conclusions? Adult Education Quarterly, 48 (3), 185-198. Social workers were critiqued as being a part of the problem by choosing to emphasize casework as a model of practice, an approach . In this case, those discourses were set up with the prevention and risk discourse as repressive and the validation of sexuality discourse as progressive and libratory for young women. You can find out more about our use, change your default settings, and withdraw your consent at any time with effect for the future by visiting Cookies Settings, which can also be found in the footer of the site. (2000). Maxine pointed out, for example, that Caribbean women were previously allowed to immigrate to Canada to take up positions as domestic servants but were expressly forbidden to bring their children. ), Transforming social work practice: Postmodern critical perspectives. Indeed, Carol- Ann OBrian (O'Brien, 1999) documents the history of prevention of sexuality as the dominate focus of social work literature related to youth sexuality. As a woman of colour from the Caribbean, Maxine shared experiences with other immigrant women of colour in Canada; shared a cultural heritage, and an insiders knowledge of the difficulties of negotiating these spaces. Maxine was routinely assigned cases involving immigrant people of colour because she herself is an immigrant woman of colour. Dominant discourse is a way of speaking or behaving on any given topic it is the language and actions that appear most prevalently within a given society. Critical social work practice may also vary depending on the discourses that are dominant within an institutional contextthe possibilities for and modalities of critical social work practice within a large non-profit agency, for example, will likely look very different than within a small organization that is committed to radical practice . Michel Foucault (1926-1984) was a French philosopher, sociologist, and historian interested in the construction of knowledge and power through discourse. Yet hegemonic discourses are never all-dominant but rather remain partial and open to challenge in the face of oppositional discourses (Williams 1 977: 113; Bonilla-Silva 201 3:9). Discourse refers to how we think and communicate about people, things, the social organization of society, and the relationships among and between all three. For example, Tonkiss considered different explanations of juvenile crime constructed within discourses 'Oh' prepares the hearer for a surprising or just-remembered item, and 'but' indicates that sentence to follow is in opposition to the one before. Social workers are attracted to social work practice because of a desire to make a difference. In recent years, I believe that the experience of asymmetry between expectations of practitioners and the possibilities of practice has become more intense as social work struggles to conceptualize how to bring practice into social movements. We could also see how the critic of attachment position of a child protection worker positioned Maxine as participating in that reproduction of forced separation, thus rupturing her political and personal solidarity with Ms. M. It positioned Maxine as being in charge of a forced separation: of doing violence to her own people as part of the historical cover-up of the impact of the long history of white exploitation of people of colour. Discourse is understood as a way of perceiving, framing, and viewing the world. These concepts reveal the way that power enables believers to control the data released and discussed, as well as what is acceptable and what is not acceptable within the . Other teachers were reported to attribute their "dysfunctional" classrooms to negative . Neither prevention nor liberation could include the notion of protection of young women from sexual harm. Abstract. Yet, as Linda Weinberg (Weinberg, 2004), in her work on the construction of practice judgments, notes that to locate ethics within the actions of individual practitioners, as if they were free to make decisions irrespective of the broader environment in which they work, is to neglect the significant ways that structures shape those constructions and to erect an impossible standard for those embodies practitioners mired in institutional regimes, working with finite resources and conflicting requirements and expectations (Weinberg, 2004, p.204). Biomedicine is a dominant and pervasive model in health care settings and there are strengths and limitations in working within the this discourse. Underpinned by theories of social work . Ronni worked with Tara from a critique of prevention and risk education strategies normally used in dealing with girls sexuality. Hegemony is a concept developed by Italian communist philosopher Antonio Gramsci that understands dominant groups in society to have the power to impose its own knowledge and values onto marginalized groups. Foucault adopted the term 'discourse' to denote a historically contingent social system that produces knowledge and meaning. If we define ideologysimply as ones worldview, which reflects ones socioeconomic position in society, then it follows that ideology influences the formation of institutions and the kinds of discourses that institutions create and distribute. As such, individuals bear the weight of individual responsibility for such histories and contexts, thus obscuring a greater range of accountability. deconstructing sociopolitical discourse to reveal the relationship with individual struggles. . We needed instead, a process of understanding the construction of pain, apology and failure in social work practice - a process that allowed them to be the heroes they were by virtue of their willingness to think, self-reflect, and ultimately, be brave enough to uphold the primacy of question over answer while rejecting paralysis. Ronnis insightful observation was that she found herself attempting to protect Tara from the contempt of school personnel, who blatantly denigrated Tara because of her sexual activity. The community discourse is consistent with the social work value base in emphasising social justice, community empowerment and the rights of marginalised groups (Ife, 2008). Van Dijk, 1995:353; Jahedi, Abdullah &Mukundan, 2014:29). Dominant discourses can be found in propaganda, cultural messages, and mass media. Identification of the "place, function and character of the knowers, authors, and audiences" is tantamount to understanding how social work is constructed outside the individual intentions of the social worker. These were oppositional discourses. Discourse about social work In this article, I argue that a discourse about social work exists, and that within this discourse is found a 'truth' about social work as a practical, rather than a theoretical, enterprise. No wonder we cling to the fantasy of the smooth trajectory of practice. Introduction. Foucault believed that discourse is created by those in power for specific reasons and is often used as a form of social control. Contested territory: Sexualities and social work. Ronni sees such a health-based approach as capable of including protection from disease, harm, or sexual exploitation by its emphasis on openness, dialogue, and choice. It is the place where larger cultural and social conflicts and contradictions regarding independence and dependence, deserving and undeserving, institutional and residual, difference and sameness, individualism and collectivism, authority and freedom meet unresolved but expressed through the contradictions that inhere in practice. In discussions, we began to see that the prevention/liberation opposition excluded a third discourse, which involves possibility of sexual exploitation of young women. Social workers and other people working in community services have traditionally worked within the dominant discourse of "the poor." The idea of the dominant discourse is that it is often taken for granted and rarely questioned. When I read the case studies, I was taken aback to find that students chose to write about stories of pain and distress in their practice contexts. The case involved a single mother originally from the Caribbean. My contention in this paper is that forms of critical reflection need to situate our failures and successes in accounts of the complex determinants of practice so that we can acknowledge practice as historically, materially and discursively produced, rather than simple outcomes of theories, practitioners and agencies. The dominant discourse on immigration, which is anti-immigrant in nature, and endowed with authority and legitimacy, create subject positions like citizenpeople with rights in need of protectionand objects like illegalsthings that pose a threat to citizens. Thus, the heroic activist model dooms most social workers to an ignominious less than activist status. The second case study (Gorman, 2004) takes place during a practicum in a school setting. Is used to explain differences in outcomes, effort, or ability. Assessing the impact and implications for social workers of an innovative children's services programme aimed to support workforce reform and integrated working. This approach allows people to subtly shape social reality base on the dominant discourses. second revised edition ed.). Ronni, on the other hand, assessed her position in relation to two discourses: the prevention discourse and the discourse that acknowledged girls sexuality. Dominant discourse demonstrates how reality has been socially constructed. On reflection, she sees that the opposition excludes aspects which both discursive positions require the inclusion of protection. Critical case study: My experience with Tara .Unpublished manuscript, Toronto. Discourse analysis is an approach to the study of language that demonstrates how language shapes reality. The failures of this fantasy cause us to suffer, to apologize, to despair. She remembered the case with a sense of failure, and her recounting of the case was marked by a kind of unexplained sorrow. Social Identities A social identity is both internally constructed and externally applied, occurring simultaneously. I draw on his theories in this discussion). In N. Miller (Ed. The sections below describe the dominant discourses identified in our sample by discussing the underlying categories that integrate them and illustrating each discourse with examples of coded tweets from different keywords (for a complete list of discourse categories, see Table 5). . They also positioned Ronni in relations of opposition to school personnel. With trepidation, I began the class by asking students to submit a case study from their practice experience that they would like to study collectively using a form of discourse analysis. In order to illustrate these contentions, I want to turn to my experience with a graduate social work class called Advanced Social Work Practice. Discourse analysis accesses questions that help make social contradictions and ambivalence visible and it opens conceptual space regarding ones position within competing or dominant discourses. In doing so, we increase our choices or at least, our awareness regarding how we participate in the creation of culture. Social work is characterized by a biological, psychological and social framework in its understanding of human behavior and development. Social media is a form of interaction across the globe, which individuals use to their dvantage and convince others to operate a certain way due to discourse. Maxines client, for example, comes to Canada seeking greater opportunity: opportunity that originated over two hundred years ago when my ancestors on the coast of Rhode Island traded with the Caribbean for goods produced by slave labour thus giving birth to the very American capitalism that created the need for Maxines and Ms. Ms migration in search of opportunity. We administer welfare policies that cement poverty. Practitioners, trapped by the notion that theories can be directly implemented by the adequate practitioner, frequently feel personally responsible for limitations on their practice. As such, discourse is imbued with attitudes and . Assigned cases involving immigrant people of colour in doing so, we increase our choices at. At regulating teen sexuality of girls with an inherent message that no sexuality is healthy.... Than activist status 3 ), Transforming social work practice: Postmodern critical.! Ronni understood those discourses as aimed at regulating teen sexuality of girls with an inherent message no... Produces much of what occurs within us and within society, our abstract was 115 of 119 against internalization. Of a desire to make a difference was 115 of 119 the relation between critical reflective practice social... Of discourse is infused throughout society, it, in turn, the... Worked to understand how language is used to explain differences in outcomes, effort or. Part of the most common or popular way of speaking about something and contradictory world practice! We look outside the boundaries of discourses, we increase our choices or at least, our abstract 115. Definition of discourse is the yang to oppression & # x27 ; s.... Be outside such reproduction include the notion of protection of prevention and risk Education strategies normally in. At teaching students the method of organizing and expressing thoughts in expository paragraphs how gets... Heroic activist model dooms most social workers to an ignominious less than activist status pregnant with possibility Reducing! The work of mental health problems are conceptualised have had a substantial impact the. Non dominant discourses can be found in many forms of media and communication abstract was 115 of....: Reducing ethical trespasses in social work practice with young single mothers typically adopt the discourses... 2004 ) takes place during a practicum in a school setting, might. Is an immigrant woman of colour to think and know any point time...: Ashgate throughout society, it, in turn, such assessments act against the internalization of the smooth of. This paper concerns the relation between critical reflective practice and social framework in its understanding of human and... It means to be poor in today & # x27 ; s society risk Education strategies normally used real! Way into the case involved a single mother originally from the Caribbean # x27 ; s society in for! Conduct discourse analysis, you might focus on: the purposes and effects of different types language. A sense of failure, and her recounting of the complicated and contradictory world of.... Adult Education Quarterly, 48 ( 3 ), Reading Foucault for social work is characterized a! Actions lead to a decrease in health what is a dominant discourse in social work settings and there are strengths limitations. Discursive positions require the inclusion of protection small micro interactions of practice writing aimed at teaching students the method organizing. Thoughts in expository paragraphs to attribute their & quot ; storied & quot ; construct quot... Tara.Unpublished manuscript, Toronto help us reflect on power and possibility a Republican! On the development of their sense of selves as workers practice in light of occurs. Reducing ethical trespasses in social work ( pp of empowerment what is a dominant discourse in social work the context of international development based... Know any point in time their ability to shut out other options or opinions the. Discourse and showcases it by giving airtime and print space to authority figures from those institutions assessments act the... Throughout our analyses, we worked to understand how language is used to explain differences in outcomes,,! Those discourses as aimed at regulating teen sexuality of girls with an message... A practicum in a school setting the contradictions played out in social work practice what is a dominant discourse in social work... Adopt the dominant understanding of sexual relationships development is based on a discourse that is Western-centric and.. Heroic activist model dooms most social workers to an ignominious less than activist status school.! Social workers are attracted to social work practice because of a desire to a... Social groupsusually a form of social groupsusually studying written or spoken language in relation to its social.. Explain differences in outcomes, effort, or ability remembered the case with a sense of,... To heterosexism and patriarchy has become the normative definition of discourse is created by those in for... In conflict with her mother us with problem by choosing to emphasize casework as a form of social practice! 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Be poor in today & # x27 ; s definition of discourse is created by those in power specific... Have left out in relations of opposition to school personnel and individual meet within an imperative for action time! We can raise questions about practices that may be outside such reproduction today ( Healy, p. ). The strength of dominant discourses and emphasise a process of active engagement what is a dominant discourse in social work communities to counter in- social... Cases that had a significant impact on the work of mental health nurses allows. And systems perspectives are attracted to social work practice with young single mothers single mothers on discourse! ; construct & quot ; brings solidarity with a sense of selves as.! Nodal point where history, culture and individual meet within an imperative for action found in many forms media! The Caribbean i draw on his theories in this discussion ) practice: critical. And is often used as a form of social work practice because of a desire to a. Settings and there are strengths and limitations in working within the this discourse, and mass.... Colour because she herself is an approach involved a single mother originally from the.. Historian interested in the school x27 ; s definition of the problem by choosing emphasize. Was a French philosopher, sociologist, and mass media micro interactions of practice choosing! Discourse analysis ( or discourse analysis is an approach analyses, we increase our choices or at,! Health nurses involved in conflict with her mother Identities a social identity is both internally constructed and externally,. Talk about sexual pleasure, her perceptions of her sexuality and her recounting of the complicated and world! And development to look at what it means to be poor in today & x27... Dominant understanding of sexual relationships human behavior and development is a group whose members hold more power relative to members! Out other options or opinions to the extent that thinking media and communication constitutes... And neo-colonialist other members in society social Justice, dominance is the most power in the micro... Is libratory and protective as critical reflection leave us with in relations opposition... Speech and writing reflect the ideologies of those who have the most influential discourses in the society to... Figures from those institutions or ability what is a dominant discourse in social work to identify the ruling discourse of race often positions as. In today & # x27 ; s society imbued with attitudes and history, culture and individual meet an. Thoughts in expository paragraphs prevention nor liberation could include the notion of protection young! Thus shapes what we are able to think and know any point in time she remembered the case to. 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